Antibodies that bind to the beta klotho 2 domain and procedures for using them

专利摘要:

公开号:ES2808340T9
申请号:ES15740600T
申请日:2015-01-23
公开日:2021-03-05
发明作者:Kalyani Mondal；Betty Chan Li；Yu Chen；Taruna Arora；Hugo Matern；Wenyan Shen
申请人:NGM Biopharmaceuticals Inc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0002] Antibodies that bind to the beta klotho 2 domain and procedures for using them
[0004] FIELD
[0006] The present disclosure relates generally to binding proteins, such as antibodies, that bind beta klotho, including human beta klotho, and methods of their use.
[0008] BACKGROUND
[0010] Beta klotho, which belongs to the Klotho family, is a single-pass type I membrane protein. Beta klotho has an extracellular domain consisting of two internal repeats that share homology with members of the glycosidase family 1 but lack glucosidase catalytic activity. The expression of beta klotho is mainly detected in the liver, pancreas and adipose tissue. Ito and colleagues reported that beta klotho (KLB - / -) deficient mice have elevated levels of CYP7A1 and CY8B1 mRNA and exhibit increased bile acid synthesis and excretion (Ito et al, 2005, J Clin Invest 115: 2202-2208). Beta llotho forms a complex with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and functions as a co-receptor for FGFs, including FGF19 and FGF21.
[0012] Twenty-two members of the human FGF family have been identified and four receptor tyrosine kinase that bind to FGF (FGFR1-FGFR4) have been identified. The interaction between FGF and its receptor results in the dimerization of FGFR, which allows the cytoplasmic domains of the receptor to be transphosphorylated and activated, which in turn leads to phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling molecules.
[0014] The high affinity receptor for FGF19 is FGFR4 and the binding of FGF19 to FGFR4 is facilitated by beta klotho. FGF19 transgenic mice have been reported to have decreased adiposity, increased metabolic rate, decreased liver triglycerides, increased fatty acid oxidation, decreased glucose levels, and increased insulin sensitivity. (Tomlinson et al, 2002, Endocrinology 143: 1741-1747). Furthermore, these transgenic mice were reported not to become obese or diabetic on a high-fat diet (Tomlinson et al, 2002, Endocrinology 143: 1741-1747). FGF19 treatment has also been reported to prevent or reverse diabetes in obese mice by genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue or the genetic absence of leptin (Fu et al, 2004, Endocrinology 145: 2594-2603).
[0016] FGF21 acts through the interaction of FGFR and beta klotho. FGFR1 is an abundant receptor in white adipose tissue and is most likely the major functional receptor for FGF21 in white adipose tissue. FGF21 expression is detected in the liver, thymus, adipose tissue, and islet beta cells in the pancreas. The interaction of FGF21 with the beta klotho-FGFR complex has been reported to stimulate glucose uptake, decrease glucagon secretion, improve insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance, promote white adipose tissue in response to fasting , increases ketogenesis in the liver in response to fasting, reduces plasma triglyceride levels, and increases energy expenditure (Iglesias et al., 2012, European Journal of Endocrinology 167: 301-309).
[0018] Since FGF19 and FGF21 require both FGFR and beta klotho for cell signaling, agents that mimic FGF19 and / or FGF21 may be desirable for their effects or glucose metabolism or lipid metabolism. However, it is not clear what characteristics are necessary for an agent to confer FGF-19-like or FGF-21-like cell signaling activity.
[0020] US 2011/135657 and US 2012/328616 describe antibodies that bind to beta-klotho and / or a complex comprising beta-klotho and one of FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c and FGFR4 to induce FGF21-like signaling. www.rndsystems.com/pdf/MAB3738.pdf (retrieved from the Internet on 2011-02-21; "Monoclonal Anti-human / mouse Klotho beta Antibody" February 6, 2007) describes an antibody that binds to human beta klotho / mouse.
[0021] ABSTRACT
[0023] The present disclosure provides proteins that bind to beta klotho, including binding proteins such as antibodies that bind to beta klotho. Such binding proteins, including antibodies, can bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho fragment, and / or a beta klotho epitope. Such binding proteins, including antibodies, can be agonists (eg, they induce FGF19 or FGF21-like signaling from an FGF receptor or activate a beta klotho / FGFr receptor complex).
[0024] The present disclosure also provides binding proteins, including antibodies or fragments thereof, that (i) bind to human beta klotus, (ii) induce FGF19-like signaling and / or FGF21-like signaling, and (iii) do not compete. with FGF19 and / or FGF21 for interaction with beta klotho.
[0025] The present invention provides an antibody that binds within the beta klotho 2 domain (KLB2) comprising amino acid residues 657 to 703 of human beta klotho (SEQ ID NO: 297), wherein the antibody comprises: (a) a variable region of the heavy chain comprising:
[0026] a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 12, or SEQ ID NO: 13;
[0027] a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 14; Y
[0028] a CDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 3 or
[0029] Y
[0030] (b) a light chain variable region comprising:
[0031] a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4 or
[0032] a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5 or
[0033] a CDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6 or
[0034] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises:
[0035] (a) a heavy chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, a c Dr 2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2, and a CDR3 comprising Se Q ID NO: 3; Y
[0036] (b) a light chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4, a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5, and a Cd R3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0037] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises:
[0038] (a) a heavy chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 12, a c Dr 2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2, and a Cd R3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 3; Y
[0039] (b) a light chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4, a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5, and a Cd R3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0040] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises:
[0041] (a) a heavy chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 13, a c Dr 2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 14, and a CDR3 comprising s Eq ID NO: 15; Y
[0042] (b) a light chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 16, a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 11, and a c Dr 3 comprising Se Q ID NO: 17.
[0043] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region that has at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 25 and a light chain variable region that has at least 90% sequence identity. sequence with SEQ ID NO: 26.
[0044] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 25 and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 26.
[0045] In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 271 and a light chain variable region comprising SEQ ID NO: 276.
[0046] In some embodiments the antibody binds to an epitope comprising at least one of amino acid residues 657, 701 and / or 703 of human beta klotho (SEQ Id NO: 297).
[0047] In some embodiments, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a humanized antibody, a human antibody, or a chimeric antibody.
[0048] In some embodiments, the antibody is a Fab, Fab ', F (ab') 2, Fv, scFv, (scFv) 2, a single chain antibody molecule, a dual variable region antibody, a single variable region antibody , a linear antibody, the V region, or a multispecific antibody formed from antibody fragments.
[0049] The present invention also provides an isolated polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the invention.
[0050] The present invention also provides a vector comprising the isolated polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the invention.
[0051] The present invention also provides a host cell comprising the polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the invention or the vector comprising the polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the invention. The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0052] The present invention also provides an antibody as defined in the claims for use in a method of enhancing glucose metabolism in a subject.
[0053] In some embodiments of using the antibody of the invention in a method for enhancing glucose metabolism in a subject, the method for enhancing glucose metabolism results in:
[0054] (a) reduced glucose levels;
[0055] (b) reduced levels of insulin;
[0056] (c) increased sensitivity to insulin;
[0057] (d) reduction of insulin resistance;
[0058] (e) improvement of glucose tolerance; I
[0059] (f) improvement of pancreatic function.
[0060] The present invention also provides the antibody as defined in the claims for use in a method of treating type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), disease cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
[0061] In some embodiments of the inventive use of the antibody, the method further comprises administering one or more therapeutic agents in combination with the antibody.
[0062] In some embodiments of the inventive use of the antibody, the one or more therapeutic agents are selected from the group consisting of biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogs, PPAR gamma agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP -4), bromocriptine, bile acid sequestrants, insulin, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, appetite suppressing agents, and weight loss drugs.
[0063] In some embodiments, anti-beta klotho antibodies are humanized antibodies that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, beta klotho fragment, or beta klotho epitope. The anti-beta klotho antibody comprises a CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL and / or CDR3 VL of a monoclonal antibody designated 5H23, as described in this invention, or a humanized variant thereof. In certain embodiments, an anti beta klotho antibody may further comprise a FR1 VH, FR2 VH, FR3 VH, FR4 VH, FR1 VL, FR2 VL, FR3 VL, and / or FR4 VL of a human immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant of the same.
[0064] Described in this invention is a binding protein (eg, an anti-beta klotho antibody) comprising six CDRs or less than six CDRs. A binding protein described in this invention (for example an anti-beta klotho antibody) comprises one, two, three, four, five, or six CDRs selected from among CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL and / or CDR3 VL. The anti-beta klotho antibody of the invention comprises six CDRs selected from among CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, Cd R1 VL, CDR2 VL and / or CDR3 VL of a monoclonal antibody designated as 5H23, as described in this invention, or a humanized variant thereof. In some embodiments, the anti-beta klotho antibody further comprises a scaffold region or framework region, including a FR1 VH, FR2 VH, FR3 VH, FR4 VH, FR1 VL, FR2 VL, FR3 VL, and / or FR4 VL of an amino acid sequence of human immunoglobulin or a variant thereof.
[0065] In some embodiments, the antibody is a humanized antibody, a monoclonal antibody, a recombinant antibody, an antigen-binding fragment, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, that binds to a beta klotho polypeptide ( eg, a soluble or cell surface expressed beta klotho), a beta klotho fragment, or a beta klotho epitope.
[0066] The present disclosure also provides binding proteins such as anti-beta klotho (i) antibodies that competitively block ( eg, in a dose-dependent manner) an anti-beta klotho antibody provided in this invention from binding to a beta klotho polypeptide ( eg, a soluble beta klotho os expressed on the cell surface), a beta klotho fragment, or a beta klotho epitope and / or (ii) that bind to a beta klotho epitope that is bound by an anti-beta klotho antibody provided in this invention. Binding proteins such as the anti-beta klotho antibody competitively block e.g., in a dose-dependent manner) the monoclonal antibody 5H23 or 1G19 described in this invention or a humanized variant thereof from not binding to a beta polypeptide. klotho ( eg, a soluble or cell surface expressed beta klotho), a beta klotho fragment, or a beta klotho epitope. Binding proteins such as the anti-beta klotho antibody binds to a beta klotho epitope that is bound ( eg, recognized) by the monoclonal antibody 5H23, or 1G19 described in this invention or a humanized variant thereof.
[0068] The present disclosure also provides binding proteins, including antibodies or fragments thereof, that (i) bind to a human beta klotho and cynomologous monkey betaklotho epitope recognized by an antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 and a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26; or (ii) compete for binding to human beta klotho with an antibody comprising a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 and a light chain variable region having the sequence of amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 26. This invention describes binding proteins, including antibodies or fragments thereof, that bind to a region, including an epitope, of human beta klotho or beta klotho cyno. The antibodies of the present invention bind to a human beta klotho region comprising amino acid residues 657 to 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297 or a cyno beta klotho region comprising amino acid residues 657 to 703 of SEQ ID NO: 299.
[0070] The antibodies of the present invention bind to a specific human beta klotho epitope, including: (i) a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least one of amino acid residues 657, 701 and / or 703 of human beta klotho ( SEQ ID NO: 297); (ii) a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least amino acid residue 657 of SEQ ID NO: 297; (iii) a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least amino acid residue 701 of SEQ ID NO: 297; (iv) a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least amino acid residue 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297; (v) a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least amino acid residues 657 and 701 of SEQ ID NO: 297; (vi) a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least amino acid residues 657 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297; (vii) a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least amino acid residues 701 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297; or (viii) a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least amino acid residues 657, 701 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. Such antibodies provided above can induce FGF19-like signaling and / or FGF21-like signaling or activate a beta klotho / FGF receptor complex in a cell expressing human beta klotho and an FGF receptor. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, eg, a humanized or chimeric antibody.
[0071] The anti-beta klotho antibodies provided in this invention can be recombinantly conjugated or linked to a diagnostic agent, detectable agent, or therapeutic agent. In some aspects, the therapeutic agent is a drug, including one or more drugs such as biguanides and sulfonylureas ( eg , metformin tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, acetohexamide, tolazamide, glibenclamide, glyburide, and glipizide), thiazolidinediones ( eg , rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone. ), GLP-1 analogs, PPAR gamma agonists ( eg, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, ( eg , JANUVIN®, ONGLYZA®) bromocriptine formulations, and bile acid sequestrants ( eg, colesevelam), and insulin ( eg , bolus and basal analogs), alpha glucosidase inhibitors ( eg, acarbose, roglibose), metformin ( eg, metformin hydrochloride) with or without a thiazolidinedione (Tz d ), SGLT-2 inhibitors, drugs for appetite suppression or weight loss ( eg, Meridia® / sibutramine, Xenical® / ortistat). In some aspects, the detectable agent is a radioisotope, an enzyme, a fluorescent compound, a bioluminescent compound, or a chemiluminescent compound.
[0073] In certain embodiments, compositions are provided comprising an anti-beta klotho antibody of the invention. Also provided in this invention are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a beta klotho antibody of the invention.
[0075] The present disclosure also provides isolated nucleic acid molecules that encode an immunoglobulin heavy chain, an immunoglobulin light chain, the VH region, the VL region, CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL, and / or CDR3 VL of binding proteins ( eg, anti-beta klotho antibodies) that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, beta klotho polypeptide fragment, or beta klotho epitope. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes a VH region, a VL region, CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL, and / or CDR3 VL of a monoclonal antibody designated 5H23, as described herein. invention, or a humanized variant thereof. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule further encodes a Scaffold region or framework region, including FR1 VH, FR2 VH, FR3 VH, FR4 VH, FR1 VL, FR2 VL, FR3 VL, and / or FR4 VL of a human immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof. Also provided in this invention are vectors and host cells comprising nucleic acid molecules encoding a binding protein such as an anti-beta klotho antibody, as well as methods of producing a binding protein such as an anti-beta klotho antibody. by culturing the host cells provided in this invention under conditions that promote the production of a binding protein such as an anti-beta klotho antibody.
[0077] The present disclosure also provides an antibody as defined in the claims for use in methods of treating, preventing, or alleviating a disease, disorder, or condition (eg, one or more symptoms) which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of the anti-antibody. -beta klotho to a subject, including a subject in need thereof, thereby treating, preventing or alleviating the disease, disorder or condition. In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is caused by, or otherwise associated with beta klotho, such as those related to FGF19 and / or FGF21-like signaling in a subject. In certain embodiments, the disease is treatable by lowering blood glucose, insulin, or serum lipid levels ( eg, type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome).
[0079] In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is related to glucose metabolism or lipid metabolism. In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is selected from the group of a hyperglycemic condition. ( eg , diabetes, such as type I diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, or obesity).
[0080] Use in methods of treatment, prevention or amelioration include methods for improving glucose metabolism and / methods for improving lipid metabolism. Use in treatment, prevention or amelioration procedures results in reduced glucose levels ( for example, decreased blood glucose), increased insulin sensitivity, decreased insulin resistance, decreased glycogen, better glucose tolerance, better glucose tolerance, improved glucose metabolism, improved homeostasis, improved pancreatic function, reduced triglycerides, reduced cholesterol, reduced IDL, reduced LDL, reduced VLDL, decreased blood pressure, decreased internal thickening of a blood vessel and / or decreased body mass or weight gain.
[0082] The present disclosure provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition associated with human FGF19 and / or human FGF21, including any disease, disorder, or condition whose onset in a subject ( eg, a patient) is caused at least in part. , by the induction of FGF19 and / or FGF21 type signaling, which is initiated in vivo by the formation of a complex comprising FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c or FGFR4 and beta klotho and FGF19 or FGF21. The severity of the disease or condition can also be decreased by the induction of FGF19 and / or FGF21-like signaling. Examples of diseases and conditions that can be treated with binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies include type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome.
[0084] As such, binding proteins such as the anti-beta klotho antibodies described in this invention can be used to treat type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia ( eg , hypertriglyceridaemia), NASH, cardiovascular disease, and / or the metabolic syndrome, as well as any disease, disorder, or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or enhance the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21, or can be employed as a prophylactic treatment administered, for example, daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, bi-monthly, bi-annually, etc., to prevent or reduce the frequency and / or severity of symptoms ( e.g., elevated plasma glucose, elevated triglyceride, and cholesterol), including, for example, thereby providing an improved glycemic and / or cardiovascular risk factor profile. The present disclosure provides methods for improving metabolic parameters by administering to a subject a binding protein, including an antibody or fragment thereof as described in this invention or a pharmaceutical composition described in this invention, including, for example, where improvement includes a decrease in body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, skin fold thickness, glucose, insulin, and / or triglycerides.
[0086] The present disclosure also provides methods for inducing signaling of FGF19 or FGF21-like cells that have beta klotho expression on the cell surface and one or more FGF receptors, such as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 or FGFR4 which comprises contacting the cells with an effective amount of a binding protein ( eg, an antibody) that binds beta klotho as described in this invention. In some embodiments, the cell is an adipocyte or hepatocyte. In other embodiments, the cell is a cell transfected with a gene encoding beta klotho and, optionally, a gene encoding a FGF receptor. The procedures Additional provided include the use of an anti-beta klotho antibody as described in this invention, with activity to mediate FGF19 and / or FGF21-like signaling effects.
[0088] The present disclosure also provides an antibody as defined in the claims for use in methods of modulating a FGF19- or FGF21-type signaling in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of a binding protein such as an anti-beta antibody. klotho as described in this invention to a subject, including a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the modulation comprises a FGF19-like activation. In some embodiments, the modulation comprises an FGF21-like activation. In some embodiments, the modulation comprises increasing glucose metabolism ( eg, lowering glucose levels such as blood glucose levels).
[0090] The present disclosure also provides methods for detecting beta klotho in a sample which comprises contacting the sample with an anti-beta klotho antibody of the invention, which comprises a detectable agent. In certain embodiments, the sample comprises a cell that expresses beta klotho on its surface.
[0092] The present disclosure also provides kits comprising a binding protein such as an anti beta klotho antibody that binds to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho fragment or a beta klotho epitope as described in this invention.
[0094] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0096] Figure 1A-1B shows a sequence alignment of the heavy chain variable regions and the light chain variable regions of the anti-beta klotho antibodies designated 5H23, 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7 and 1G19. CDR limits are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, and IMGT numbering.
[0098] Figures 2A-1 and 2A-2 show sequence alignments of the heavy chain variable regions of anti-beta klotho antibodies that provide consensus CDR sequences. The top pool consists of antibodies designated 5H23, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 4P5, 5C23, and 5F7. The bottom grouping consists of antibodies designated 1C17 and 1G19. The lower pool consists of only the antibodies designated 3N20. Variable residues are shown with "X". CDR boundaries are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact, and IMGT numbering.
[0100] Figures 2B-1 and 2B-2 show sequence alignments of the light chain variable regions of anti-beta klotho antibodies that provide consensus CDR sequences. The top pool consists of antibodies designated 5H23, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 4P5, 5C23, and 5F7. The bottom grouping consists of antibodies designated 1C17 and 1G19. The bottom grouping consists only of the antibodies designated 3N20. Variable residues are shown with "X" CDR limits are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact and IMGT numbering.
[0102] Figure 3A-1 and 3A-2 show a sequence alignment of the heavy chain variable region of the anti-beta klotho antibody designated 5H23 with the humanized sequences (vH1-vH9). Residues that are in bold indicate exemplary residues that have been modified from the original antibody. Residues that are bold and underlined indicate residues altered back to a mouse residue.
[0104] Figure 3B shows a sequence alignment of the light chain variable region of the anti-beta klotho antibody designated 5H23 with the humanized sequences (vL1-vL5). Residues that are in bold indicate exemplary residues that have been modified. Residues that are bold and underlined indicate residues altered back to a mouse residue.
[0106] Figure 3C-1 and 3C-2 show a sequence alignment of the variable region of the light chain of the anti-beta klotho antibody designated 5H23 with the humanized sequences (v1-39a-v1-39p). Residues that are in bold indicate exemplary residues that have been modified.
[0108] Figure 3D-1 and 3D-2 show a sequence alignment of the light chain variable region of the anti-beta klotho antibody designated 5H23 with various humanized sequences (v3-20a-v3-20j). Residues that are in bold indicate exemplary residues that have been modified.
[0110] Figure 4A-4C shows a sequence alignment between human, mouse and chimeric beta klotho polypeptides. The chimeric polypeptide chMoHu indicates mouse KLB (M1-F506) -human KLB (S509-S1044). The chimeric polypeptide chMoHu indicates human KLB (M1-F508)-mouse KLB (P507-S1043). Waste corresponding to mouse residues are in bold and italics.
[0112] Figure 5A-5F shows a sequence alignment between beta klotho polypeptides of various species described in this invention.
[0114] Figure 6 shows a three-dimensional model of the three identified binding residues (dark spheres) at equivalent positions in human cytosolic beta-glucosidase. The structure shows the equivalent of the beta residues klotho521-963.
[0116] DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0118] Binding proteins, such as antibodies that bind to beta klotho, including human beta klotho and / or cyno, are provided in this invention. A unique property of such binding proteins, including the antibodies described in this invention, is their agonistic nature, including the ability to mimic the in vivo effect of FGF19 and / or FGF21 and to induce FGP19-like and / or FGP19-like signaling. FGF21. Most notably and specifically, some of the binding proteins such as the beta klotho-binding antibodies described in this invention (i) bind to human and cyno beta klotho, (ii) do not compete for binding with FGF19 and / or FGF21, and (iii) induce FGP19-like signaling and / or FGF21-like signaling, including, for example, in various in vitro cell-based assays. Such assays may include (1) an ELK-luciferase reporter assay (see, for example , Example 4); (2) an assay of recombinant FGF19 receptor-mediated cells for phosphorylation of e Rk (see, for example , Example 4); and (3) a human adipocyte assay for ERK phosphorylation (see, for example, Example 5). Therefore, binding proteins such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as described in this invention, are expected to show in vivo activities that are compatible with the natural biological function of FGF19 and / or FGF21. This property makes the described binding proteins, including anti-beta klotho antibodies, viable therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases ( eg, type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome) and, in in general, any disease, disorder or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or enhance the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21.
[0119] The binding proteins, such as the beta klotho-binding antibodies, provided in this invention share the common characteristic of competing with each other for beta klotho binding (see, for example, Example 3 describing the antibodies in the 5H23 epitope container). This competitive inhibition indicates that each antibody binds to the same beta klotho region ( eg, the same epitope), thereby asserting similar effects. Anti-beta klotho antibodies provided in this invention include humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies, including humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies derived from or based on 5H23, 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5c 23, 5F7 a and / or 1G19 having the CDR sequence as described in Tables 1-10 or Figures 1-3, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, including humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies, bind to a specific domain human beta klotho ( eg, KL2 (residues S509-S1044); see example 9). Furthermore, such binding can be largely attributed to particular amino acid residues within the KL2 region ( eg, H657, Y701 and R703), which comprise the epitope recognized by the anti-beta klotho antibodies described in this invention. Taken together, the results described in this invention demonstrate that the effects observed for an anti-beta klotho antibody that is derived from or based on 5H23 or an antibody on the 5H23 epitope container, including an antibody that has one or more CDRs described in Tables 1-10 or Figures 1-3, can be extrapolated to other anti-beta klotho antibodies described in this invention that have the same or similar epitope specificity ( eg, the same or similar CDRs). For example, the in vitro activities of the antibodies, as shown in Examples 4-7 and 9, as well as the in vivo effects demonstrated in Example 8 for an exemplary humanized anti-beta klotho antibody, are representative of the activities and the effects of the anti-beta klotho antibodies described in this invention.
[0121] In some aspects of the present disclosure, binding proteins such as anti-beta klotho antibodies may comprise immunoglobulin variable regions comprising one or more complementary determining regions (CDRs) as described in Tables 1-10. In such binding proteins ( eg, anti-beta klotho antibodies), the CDRs can be linked with one or more scaffold regions or framework regions, which orient the CDR (s) in such a way as to achieve the properties of suitable antigen-binding CDR (s). Such binding proteins, including anti-beta klotho antibodies as described in this invention, can facilitate or enhance the interaction between FGFR1c and beta klotho, and can induce FGF-19-like signaling and / or FGF-like signaling. twenty-one.
[0123] General techniques
[0125] The techniques and procedures described or referenced in this invention include those that are generally well understood and / or commonly employed using conventional methodology by those skilled in the art, such as, for example, the widely used methodologies described in Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 3rd Edition (2001) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY .; Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (FM Ausubel, et al. Eds., (2003)); Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Clinic, Z. An, ed, Wiley, Hoboken NJ (2009); Monoclonal Antibodies: Methods and Protocols, M. Albitar, ed, Humana Press, Totawa, NJ (2010.); and Antibody Engineering, 2nd ed., vol 1 and 2, Kontermann and Dubel, eds., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2010.
[0127] TERMINOLOGY
[0129] Unless otherwise described, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For the purposes of interpreting this specification, the following description of terms will apply and, where appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural and vice versa.
[0131] The term "beta klotho" or "beta klotho polypeptide" and similar terms refer to a polypeptide ("polypeptide" and "protein" are used interchangeably in this invention) or any beta klotho native to any vertebrate source, including mammals such as primates ( eg, humans, the cynomolgus (cyno) monkey), dogs, and rodents ( eg, mice and rats), unless otherwise indicated, and, in certain embodiments, including related beta klotho polypeptides, including variants SNP of the same. Beta klotho comprises two domains, beta klotho 1 (KLB1) and beta klotho 2 (KLB2). Each beta klotho domain comprises a glycosyl hydrolase 1 region. For example, the KLB1 domain of human beta klotho comprises amino acid residues 1-508 with the glycosyl hydrolase 1n region comprising amino acid residues 77-508, and the domain Human beta klotho KLB2 comprises amino acid residues 509-1044 with the glycosyl hydrolase 1 region comprising amino acid residues 517-967. The amino acid sequence of human beta klotho is provided below:
[0136] (SEQ ID NO: 297)
[0137] Then a nucleic acid sequence encoding human Klotho beta is provided: atgaagccaggctgtgcggcaggatctccagggaatgaatggattttcttcagcactgatga aataaccacacgctataggaatacaatgtccaacgggggattgcaaagatctgtcatcctgt cagcacttattctgctacgagctgttactggattctctggagatggaagagctatatggtct aaaaatcctaattttactccggtaaatgaaagtcagctgtttctctatgacactttccctaa aaactttttctggggtattgggactggagcattgcaagtggaagggagttggaagaaggatg gaaaaggaccttctatatgggatcatttcatccacacacaccttaaaaatgtcagcagcacg aatggttccagtgacagttatatttttctggaaaaagacttatcagccctggattttatagg agtttctttttatcaattttcaatttcctggccaaggcttttccccgatggaatagtaacag ttgccaacgcaaaaggtctgcagtactacagtactcttctggacgctctagtgcttagaaac attgaacctatagttactttataccactgggatttgcctttggcactacaagaaaaatatgg ggggtggaaaaatgataccataatagatatcttcaatgactatgccacatactgtttccaga tgtttggggaccgtgtcaaatattggattacaattcacaacccatatctagtggcttggcat gggtatgggacaggtatgcatgcccctggagagaagggaaatttagcagctgtctacactgt gggacacaacttgatcaaggctcactcgaaagtttggcataactacaacacacatttccgcc cacatcagaagggttggttatcgatcacgttgggatctcattggatcgagccaaaccggtcg gaaaacacgatggatatattcaaatgtcaacaatccatggtttctgtgcttggatggtttgc caaccctatccatggggatggcgactatccagaggggatgagaaagaagttgttctccgttc tacccattttctctgaagcagagaagcatgagatgagaggcacagctgatttctttgccttt tcttttggacccaacaacttcaagcccctaaacaccatggctaaaatgggacaaaatgtttc acttaatttaagagaagcgctgaactggattaaactggaatacaacaaccctcgaatcttga ttgctgagaatggctggttcacagacagtcgtgtgaaaacagaagacaccacggccatctac atgatgaagaatttcctcagccaggtgcttcaagcaataaggttagatgaaatacgagtgtt tggttatactgcctggtctctcctggatggctttgaatggcaggatgcttacaccatccgcc gaggattattttatgtggattttaacagtaaacagaaagagcggaaacctaagtcttcagca cactactacaaacagatcatacgagaaaatggtttttctttaaaagagtccacgccagatgt gcagggccagtttccctgtgacttctcctggggtgtcactgaatctgttcttaagcccgagt ctgtggcttcgtccccacagttcagcgatcctcatctgtacgtgtggaacgccac tggcaac agactgttgcaccgagtggaaggggtgaggctgaaaacacgacccgctcaatgcacagattt tgtaaacatcaaaaaacaacttgagatgttggcaagaatgaaagtcacccactaccggtttg ctctggattgggcctcggtccttcccactggcaacctgtccgcggtgaaccgacaggccctg aggtactacaggtgcgtggtcagtgaggggctgaagcttggcatctccgcgatggtcaccct gtattatccgacccacgcccacctaggcctccccgagcctctgttgcatgccgacgggtggc tgaacccatcgacggccgaggccttccaggcctacgctgggctgtgcttccaggagctgggg gacctggtgaagctctggatcaceatcaacgagcctaaccggctaagtgacatctacaaccg ctctggcaacgacacctacggggcggcgcacaacctgctggtggcccacgccctggcctggc gcctctacgaccggcagttcaggccctcacagcgcggggccgtgtcgctgtcgctgcacgcg gactgggcggaacccgccaacccctatgctgactcgcactggagggcggccgagcgcttcct gcagttcgagatcgcctggttcgccgagccgctcttcaagaccggggactaccccgcggcca tgagggaatacattgcctccaagcaccgacgggggctttccagctcggccctgccgcgcctc accgaggccgaaaggaggctgctcaagggcacggtcgacttctgcgcgctcaaccacttcac cactaggttcgtgatgcacgagcagctggccggcagccgctacgactcggacagggacatcc agtttctgcaggacatcacccgcctgagctcccccacgcgcctggctgtgattccctggggg gtgcgcaagctgctgcggtgggtccggaggaactacggcgacatgga catttacatcaccgc cagtggcatcgacgaccaggctctggaggatgaccggctccggaagtactacctagggaagt accttcaggaggtgctgaaagcatacctgattgataaagtcagaatcaaaggctattatgca ttcaaactggctgaagagaaatctaaacccagatttggattcttcacatctgattttaaagc taaatcctcaatacaattttacaacaaagtgatcagcagcaggggcttcccttttgagaaca gtagttctagatgcagtcagacccaagaaaatacagagtgcactgtctgcttattccttgtg cagaagaaaccactgatattcctgggttgttgcttcttctccaccctggttctactcttatc aattgccatttttcaaaggcagaagagaagaaagttttggaaagcaaaaaacttacaacaca taccattaaagaaaggcaagagagttgttagc
[0138] (SEQ ID NO: 298)
[0139] The amino acid sequence of cynomolgus monkey (cyno) beta klotho, scientific name Macaca fascicularis, is given below:
[0142] (SEQ ID NO: 299)
[0143] The following is a nucleic acid sequence encoding beta klotho cyno: atgaagcctggatgtgccgccggaagccccggcaacgagtggatcttcttcagcaccgacga gatcaceatccggtacagaaacaccatgagcaacggcggcctgcagcggagcgtgatcctgt ctgctctgaccctgctgagagccgtgaccggcttcagcggagatggcagagccgtgtggtcc aagaaccccaacttcacccccgtgaacgagagccagctgttcctgtacgataccttccccaa gaacttcttctggggcgtgggcacaggcgccctgcaggtggaaggatcctggaagaaggacg gcaagggccccagcatctgggaccactttgtgcacacccacctgaagaacgtgtccagcacc aacggcagcagcgacagctacatctttctggaaaaggacctgagcgccctggacttcatcgg cgtgtccttctaccagttcagcatcagctggcccagactgttccccgacggcatcgtgacag tggccaatgccaagggcctgcagtactacaacaccctgctggacagcctggtgctgcggaac atcgagcccatcgtgaccctgtaccactgggacctgccactggctctgcaggagaaatacgg cggctggaagaacgacaccatcatcgacatcttcaacgactacgccacctactgcttccaga ccttcggcgacagagtgaagtactggatcacaatccacaacccctacctggtggcctggcac ggctatggcaccggaatgcatgcccctggcgagaagggaaatctggccgccgtgtacaccgt gggccacaacctgatcaaggcccacagcaaagtgtggcacaactacaatacccacttccggc cccaccagaagggctggctgtctatcacactgggcagccactggatcgagcctaaccgcagc gagaacaccatggacatcctgaagtgccagcagagcatggtgtccgtgctgggat ggttcgc caaccccattcacggcgacggcgattaccccgagggcatgaagaagaagctgctgagcatcc tgcccctgttcagcgaggccgagaagaacgaagtgcggggcaccgccgatttcttcgccttt agcttcggccccaacaacttcaagcccctgaataccatggccaagatgggccagaatgtgtc cctgaacctgagagaggccctgaactggatcaagctggagtacaacaacccccggatcctga tcgccgagaacggctggttcaccgacagccacgtgaaaaccgaggacaccaccgccatctat atgatgaagaacttcctgagccaggtgctgcaggctatccggctggatgagatccgggtgtt cggctacaccgcctggtcactgctggacggcttcgaatggcaggacgcctacaccatcagac ggggcctgttctacgtggacttcaacagcaagcagaaagagcggaagcccaagagcagcgcc cactactacaagcagatcatcagagagaatggcttcagcctgaaagaggccacccccgacgt gcagggccagttcccttgtgatttctcttggggcgtgaccgagagcgtgctgaagcctgaaa gcgtggccagcagcccccagttcagcgacccttacctgtacgtgtggaacgccaccggcaac cggctgctgcatagagtggaaggcgtgcggctgaaaaccagacccgcccagtgcaccgactt cgtgaacatcaagaaacagctggaaatgetggcccggatgaaagtgacccactacagattcg ccctggactgggccagcgtgctgcctaccggaaatctgagcgccgtgaacagacaggccctg cggtactacagatgcgtggtgtccgagggcctgaagctgggcatcagcgccatggtcaceet gtactaccctacccacgcccacctgggactgcctgaacctctgctgc atgctggcggctggc tgaaccctagcaccgtggaagcctttcaggcctacgccgggctgtgcttccaggaactgggc gacctcgtgaagctgtggatcaccatcaacgagcccaacagactgagcgacatctacaacag aagcggcaacgacacctacggcgctgcccacaatctgctggtggctcatgccctggcttggc ggctgtacgacagacagttccggccttctcagcggggagccgtgtctctgtctctgcatgcc gattgggccgagcccgccaacccttacgccgactctcattggagagccgccgagcggttcct gcagttcgagatcgcttggtttgccgagcccctgttcaagaccggcgattaccctgccgcca tgagagagtatatcgccagcaagcacagacggggcctgagcagctctgccctgcctagactg accgaggccgagcggagactgctgaagggaaccgtggatttctgcgccctgaaccacttcac caccagattcgtgatgcacgagcagctggccggcagcagatacgacagcgaccgggacatcc agtttctgcaggacatcacccggctgagcagccctacaagactggccgtgatcccttgggga gtgcggaagctgctgagatgggtgcgcagaaactacggcgacatggatatctacatcaccgc cagcggcatcgacgaccaggccctggaagatgaccggctgcggaagtactacctggaaaagt acctgcaggaagtgctgaaggcctacctgatcgacaaagtgcggatcaagggctactacgcc ttcaagctggccgaggaaaagagcaagcccagattcggcttcttcaccagcgacttcaaggc caagagcagcatccagttctacaacaagatgatcagcagcagcggcttccccagcgagaaca gcagctccagatgcagccagacccagaaaaacaccgagtgtaccgtgtgcctgttcctggtg cagaagaagcccctgatcttcctgggctgctgcttctttagcaccctggtgctgc tgctgtc catcaccatcttccaccggcagaagcggagaaagttctggaaggccaaaaacctgcagcaca tccccctgaagaaaggcaagcgggtgctgagctga
[0144] (SEQ ID NO: 300)
[0145] The amino acid sequence of the mouse beta klotho homolog, scientific name Mus musculus, is given below:
[0149] (SEQ ID NO: 301)
[0150] Then a nucleic acid sequence encoding mouse beta Klotho is provided: atgaagacaggctgtgcagcagggtctccggggaatgaatggattttcttcagctctgatga aagaaacacacgctctaggaaaacaatgtccaacagggcactgcaaagatctgccgtgctgt ctgcgtttgttctgctgcgagctgttaccggcttctccggagacgggaaagcaatatgggat aaaaaacagtacgtgagtccggtaaacccaagtcagctgttcctctatgacactttccctaa aaacttttcctggggcgttgggaccggagcatttcaagtggaagggagttggaagacagatg gaagaggaccctcgatctgggatcggtacgtctactcacacctgagaggtgtcaacggcaca gacagatccactgacagttacatctttctggaaaaagacttgttggctctggattttttagg agtttctttttatcagttctcaatctcctggccacggttgtttcccaatggaacagtagcag cagtgaatgcgcaaggtctccggtactaccgtgcacttctggactcgctggtacttaggaat atcgagcccattgttaccttgtaccattgggatttgcctctgacgctccaggaagaatatgg gggctggaaaaatgcaactatgatagatctcttcaacgactatgccacatactgcttccaga cctttggagaccgtgtcaaatattggattacaattcacaacccttaccttgttgcttggcat gggtttggcacaggtatgcatgcaccaggagagaagggaaatttaacagctgtctacactgt gggacacaacctgatcaaggcacattcgaaagtgtggcataactacgacaaaaacttccgcc ctcatcagaagggttggc tctccatcaccttggggtcccattggatagagccaaacagaaca gacaacatggaggacgtgatcaactgccagcactccatgtcctctgtgcttggatggttcgc caaccccatccacggggacggcgactaccctgagttcatgaagacgggcgccatgatccccg agttctctgaggcagagaaggaggaggtgaggggcacggctgatttctttgccttttccttc gggcccaacaacttcaggccctcaaacaccgtggtgaaaatgggacaaaatgtatcactcaa cttaaggcaggtgctgaactggattaaactggaatacgatgaccctcaaatcttgatttcgg agaacggctggttcacagatagctatataaagacagaggacaccacggccatctacatgatg aagaatttcctaaaccaggttcttcaagcaataaaatttgatgaaatccgcgtgtttggtta tacggcctggactctcctggatggctttgagtggcaggatgcctatacgacccgacgagggc tgttttatgtggactttaacagtgagcagaaagagaggaaacccaagtcctcggctcattac tacaagcagatcatacaagacaacggcttccctttgaaagagtccacgccagacatgaaggg tcggttcccctgtgatttctcttggggagtcactgagtctgttcttaagcccgagtttacgg tctcctccccgcagtttaccgatcctcacctgtatgtgtggaatgtcactggcaacagattg ctctaccgagtggaaggggtaaggctgaaaacaagaccatcccagtgcacagattatgtgag catcaaaaaacgagttgaaatgttggcaaaaatgaaagtcacccactaccagtttgctctgg actggacctctatccttcccactggcaatctgtccaaagttaacagacaagtgttaaggtac tataggtgtgtggtgagcgaaggactgaagctgggcgtcttccccatggtgacgttgtacca cccaacccactcccatctcggcctccccctgccacttctgagcagtggggggtggctaaaca tgaacacagccaaggccttccaggactacgctgagctgtgcttccgggagttgggggacttg gtgaagctctggatcaceatcaatgagcctaacaggctgagtgacatgtacaaccgcacgag taatgacacctaccgtgcagcccacaacctgatgatcgcccatgcccaggtctgg cacctct atgataggcagtataggccggtccagcatggggctgtgtcgctgtccttacattgcgactgg gcagaacctgccaacccctttgtggattcacactggaaggcagccgagcgcttcctccagtt tgagatcgcctggtttgcagatccgctcttcaagactggcgactatccatcggttatgaagg aatacatcgcctccaagaaccagcgagggctgtctagctcagtcctgccgcgcttcaccgcg aaggagagcaggctggtgaagggtaccgtcgacttctacgcactgaaccacttcactacgag gttcgtgatacacaagcagctgaacaccaaccgctcagttgcagacagggacgtccagttcc tgcaggacatcacccgcctaagctcgcccagccgcctggctgtaacaccctggggagtgcgc aagctccttgcgtggatccggaggaactacagagacagggatatctacatcacagccaatgg catcgatgacctggctctagaggatgatcagatccgaaagtactacttggagaagtatgtcc aggaggctctgaaagcatatctcattgacaaggtcaaaatcaaaggctactatgcattcaaa ctgactgaagagaaatctaagcctagatttggatttttcacctctgacttcagagctaagtc ctctgtccagttttacagcaagctgatcagcagcagtggcctccccgctgagaacagaagtc ctgcgtgtggtcagcctgcggaagacacagactgcaccatttgctcatttctcgtggagaag aaaccactcatcttcttcggttgctgcttcatctccactctggctgtactgctatccatcac cgtttttcatcatcaaaagagaagaaaattccagaaagcaaggaacttacaaaatataccat tgaagaaaggccacagcagagttttcagc
[0151] (SEQ ID NO: 302)
[0152] The amino acid sequence of rat beta klotho, scientific name Rattus norvegicus, is given below:
[0153] SITIFHHRKRRKFQKARNLQNIPLKKGHSRVFS (SEQ ID NO: 356)
[0155] The following is a nucleic acid sequence encoding rat beta klotho:
[0157] CACAGCAGAGTTTTTAGCTAA (SEQ ID NO: 357)
[0159] The amino acid sequence of hamster beta klotho, scientific name Cricetulus griseus, is given below:
[0161] ITIFHHRKRRFHKSKNLENIPLKEGHSRVLS (SEQ ID NO: 408
[0163] Then a nucleic acid sequence encoding Klotho beta hamster is provided: atgtccaacagggcactgcaaagatctgtcgtgctgtcagcgtttgttctgctgcgagctgttaccggattgtctggagac gggaaagcgatatgggataaaaaacagtacgtgagtccggtgaatgcaagtcagctgtttctctatgacactttcccta aaaactttttctggggtgttggaactggagcatttcaagtggaagggaattggcaggcagacggaagaggaccctcg atttgggatcgtttcatctacacacacctgagagatgtcagcatcacagagaaatccgccgacagttacatttttctgga aaaagatttgttggctctggattttttaggagtttctttttatcagttctcaatctcctggccacggttgttccccaatggaaca gtagcatccgtgaatgcaaaaggtctccaatactacaacaaacttctggactcgctgatacttaggaatattgagcccg ttgttaccttataccattgggatttgcctttggcgctacaggaagactatgggggttggaaaaatgcaactatgatagatc tcttcaatgactatgccacatactgcttccagacctttggagaccgtgtcaagtattggattacaattcacaacccttacct ggttgcttggcatgggtttgccacaggtatgcatgcgccaggagagacgggaaatttaacagctgtctacattgtggga cacaacctgatcaaggctcattcgaaagtgtggcataactacgacaaaaacttccgcccccatcagaagggtttgct gtccattaccttggggtcccactggatagaaccaaacaaaacagaaaacatggccgatacaatcagctgccagca ctctatggcttt tgtgcttgggtggtttgccaaccccatccatgcagacggcgactaccctgagttcatgaaaacattgtc caccatgccagtgttctctgaggcagagaaggaggaggtgaggggcacagctgacttctttgccttttcctttgggccc aacaatttcaggccctcgaacactgtagtgaaaatgggacaaaatgtatcactcaacttaagacaggtgctgaactg gattaaattagaatatgacaaccctcgaatcttgatttcggagaatggctggttcacagatagtgacataaagacaga ggacaccacagccatctacatgatgaagcatttcctcaaccaggttcttcaagcaatacagtttgatgaaatacgagtg tttggttacacggcctggtctctcctggatggctttgaatggcagtatgcctacacgtctcgccgaggactgttttatgtgga ctttaatagtgaacagaaagaaaggaaacccaagacctcggcacattactacaaacagatcatacaagaaaatgg tttccctttgaaagagtccacgccagacatgcagggtcagtttccctgtgacttctcctggggggtcaccgagtctgttctt aagccggagtttatggtttcctccccacagtttaccgaccctcacctgtatgtgtggaatgccactggcaacagattgct acagcgagtagaaggagtaaggctaaaaacaaaaccatcccactgcacagactatgttagcatcaaaaaacgag ttgagatgttggccaaaatgaaagtcacccactaccagtttgctctggactgggccaccatccttcccactggcaatctg tctgaagttaatagacaagtactaaggtactataggtgtgtggtgagcgaaggactgaagctgggcgtctctcccatg gtgacgttgtaccaccccacccactcccatctaggcctccctgagccgcttctt aacagtgggggatggctaaacactt acaccgccaaggccttccaggactacgcaggactgtgcttccaggaactaggggacttggtgaagctctggatcac catcaatgagcctaataggctgagtgacatgtacaaccgcacgagtaatgacacctaccgtgcag atgattgcccatgcccaggtctggcgtctctacgacaggcagtataggccagtccagcatggagctgtgtcgctgtccc gatcgcctggttcgctgatccgctcttcaagactggcgactatccactggccatgaaggagtacatcgcctccaagaa tacattctgactgggtggaacctgccaacccctatgtggactcacactggaaggcagcggagcgcttcctcctgtttga ccagcaagggctgtcccgctcagtcctgccgcgcttcaccccagaggagagcaggctggtgaagggcaccatcga cttctacgcactgaaccacttcactactaggttcgtgatacacaaacagctcaacagcagccgctctatggcagacag ggacgtccagttcctgcaggacatcacccgcctgagctcgcccagccgcctggctgttatgccctggggagcacgca agctgcttgggtggatccagaggaactatggggacatggacatctacatcacagccaatggcatcgatgatctggct ctggagaatgatgggatccgaaagtactacttggagaagtacatccaggaggctctgaaagcatacctcattgacaa agtcaaaatcaaaggctattatgcattcaaactgactgaagagaaatctaagcctagatttggatttttcacatctgactt caaagctaagtcatctgtagagttttatagcaagttgatcagcagaagtggcttcccctctgagactagcaatcccgcat gtggtcagcctccagaagacacagactgcaccatctgctcatttttcactcagaagaaatctctgatcttctttggttgttg cttcatctccactctggctgtactgctgtcaatcaccatttttcatcatcgaaagagaagatttcataaatcaaagaactta gaaaatataccattgaaggaaggccacagtagagttcttagct aa (SEQ ID NO: 409)
[0165] The amino acid sequence of rabbit beta klotho, scientific name Oryctolagus cuniculus, is given below:
[0168] A nucleic acid sequence encoding rabbit beta klotho is provided below: tgaagccgtgataagacggtcccgcagttcgtggcaaatgaagccaggctgtgcggcaggatctccagggaatga atgggtttccttctgcaccgatgaaagaaacagacgctgtagggaaacgatgtccagcggacgcctgcggagatct gtcatgctgtcagccttcatcctgctgcgagccgtgactgggttccccggagacggaagagctgtatggtcgcaaaat cctaatttgagtccggtaaacgaaagtcagctgtttctctatgacactttcccaaaaaactttttctggggtgtggggactg gagccttccaagtggaagggagttggaagaaggatgggaaaggactctctgtatgggatcatttcatcgctacacac ctgaacgtcagcagccgcgatggctccagtgacagctacatttttttggagaaagacttatcggcgctggattttttagg agtctctttttatcagttttcaatttcctggccaagactgttcccggatggcacagtagcagtcgccaatgcaaaaggtctc cagtactataatcggctcctggactctctgctacttagaaacattgaacctgtagtcactttataccattgggatctgccttg ggcgctacaagaaaaatacggggggtggaaaaacgagacgttgattgatttattcaatgactatgccacctactgtttc cagacgtttggggaccgtgtcaaatactggatcaccattcacaatccctatctggtggcttggcatggctacgggacag gtctgcatgctccgggagagaaggggaatgtggcagctgtctacactgtgggacacaacctgcttaaggctcattca aaagtctggcacaactacaacaggaatttccgcccgcatcagaaaggctggctgtcgatcacgctgggatcccact ggattgagccaaacagagcggaaagcatcgtggacatactcaag tgccagcagtccatggtctcggtgctgggctg gtttgccaacccgatccacggggacggggactacccagaggtgatgacaaagaagctgctctccgtcctgcccgctt tctcagaagcagagaagaacgaggtacgaggcaccgcagacttctttgccttttcgtttggacccaacaacttcaagc ccttaaacaccatggctaaaatggggcagaatgtgtcactcaatctaagacaggtgctgaactggattaaactggaat atggcaaccctcgaatcctgatcgctgagaacggctggttcacagacagttacgtgcaaacagaagacaccacag ccatctacatgatgaagaatttcctcaaccaggttcttcaagcaataaggttggatggagtccgagtgtttggctacact gcctggtctctcctggatggcttcgaatggcaggacgcttacaacacccgccgtggactgttttatgtggacttcaacag cgaacagagagaaagaaggcccaagtcctcggcgcattactataaacaggtcataggagaaaacggcttcacgc tcagagaggccaccccggatctgcaggggcagtttccctgtgacttctcctggggcgtcaccgagtctgttcttaagcc cgagtcggtggcttcctcgccacagttcagcgaccctcacctctacgtgtggaacgccactggcaaccgaatgcttca ccgggtggaaggggtgaggctgaaaacacggcccgctcagtgcacagatttcatcaccatcaagaaacaactcga gatgttggcaagaatgaaagtcacccacttccggtttgctctggactgggcctcggtccttcccacgggcaacctgtcc gaggtgaaccgacaagccctgaggtactacaggtgtgtggtcaccgaggggctgaagctcaacatctcgcccatgg tcaccttgtactacccgacccatgcc cacctgggcctgcccgcgccgctgctgcacagcggggggtggctggaccc atccacggccaaggccttccgcgactacgcagggctgtgcttccgggagctgggggacctggtgaagctctggatc accatcaacgagcccaaccggctgagcgacgtctacaaccgcaccagcaacgacacctaccaggccgcccaca acctgctgatcgcgcacgcgctcgtgtggcacctgtacgaccgccagtaccggccgtcgcagcgcggggcgctgtc gctgtccctgcactcggactgggccgagcccgccaacccctacgtggcctcgcactggcaggcggccgagcgcttc ctgcagttcgagattgcgtggttcgccgagcccctgttcaagaccggggactacccggtggccatgagggagtacat cgcctccaagacccggcgcgggctctccagctccgtgctgccccgcttcagcgacgccgagcggcggctggtcaa gggcgccgccgacttctacgccctcaaccacttcaccaccaggttcgtgatgcacgagcagcagaacggcagccg ctacgactcggacagggacgtgcagttcctgcaggacatcacccgcctggcctcacccagccgcctggccgtgatg ccctggggcgagggcaagctgctgcggtggatgcggaacaactacggagacctggacgtctacatcacggccaat ggcatcgacgaccaggccctgcagaacgaccagcttcgccagtactacctggagaagtacgtccaggaggctctg aaagcatatctgatagataaaataaaaatcaaaggctattatgcattcaaactgactgaagaaaaatctaaacccag gtttggattcttcacctctgatttcaaagccaagtcttcaatacagttttacaacaaactaattaccagcaacggcttcccg tctgagaacggcggtcctagatgcaatcagactcaaggaaatcccgagtgcaccgtctgcttactcctcctgcagaa gaagccgctgatattctttagctgctgcttcttctgcaccctggttctactctcatcaattaccatctttcacagacggaaga gaagaaaattttggaaagcaaaggacttacaacacataccattaaagaaaggccacaagagagtccttagctaaa gtgaacttatttctctctgaagagtttagaaattcactccagttccatatgctggtaacacaaaa gacatacccgtattgta cacagagtatttgagatactgtgctaaccaaggcgatgacaatcaaaacctctgccatgtggttgaatgcattttccctt aagcggtgacaatcagcgaactcag ttcttg g ttcta aagga cttcg gg ca ctg tg cea ctagg cta tta ag ta CCTG to cgcattgctttgtcaagtttgatgagctgtttcgcatcattctctagctttctttagataccaatagctactatggtaaaagttgt ttttaaaagtcaaactctgtaaggcttcacagcagatttaaaactattctttacactggatctgtgattttgtcactcgtagca aggtgctttccccttttggtcctagtggctctcaaatagaaagcaaacacatcttagggtaatctacttatctatagccaat cacagcactgacccacaactacacaaatccgttagctcttctccataaaacacctaattttgtgatcttttaagtaatctg aaatgtaaaagtatgacttccgtaacccatctcatggaaagatcgactaaggagagccatacccagctgtgaggac aatttagtcactaatctcaccgtactgcaacttcctcctttagagcaggcattccttaccatttttgtaagatgacatgattta gcatctagaacccctatctgcagtttctttctatggcttacctacatttcaagaatattgaacggaaaatttcagaaagattt ccaagttttaaattgtgtactagcattagtgcatgatgaaatctcattttctttgctccatcctgcacaggatgtgaaacatc cctctgtccagcaagtccaagctacctatattactcacttgatagtcaccatggttatccagctgttattacttgctcatacc caggtaacccttttttattttaatatagctccaaagtataagactagtgatga aaaggaggtaagtcatcaaatatggaa tcctctgaggtacctggggcacaatctccacagataaggggaaagagcactgacaaagactaaacatcctaaaaa ggacagattaactctggcactaagtgggaatgctgcaggttttacaggaaaacaaaattcagtcagtggtttaaagca cacataggtgtagaatgcagcgactgaccctggatgcgattcagaatgctgatctgagtgaactagttttttatacagca gacgcaatgttctacttactggccatcagaataatggccaaaggaccctatacttgcttgctctctagccaagtttcgctg ctttttaaagcctagaattcttccatctgaacttgggagttttgacttttttgaaattaattgtgcttaagatttattcagtgattct aaacactggaggtagaaaactgtatacccattatgcctattaatttttcttgattagccaacatttaaataaccacaaagt ggccagtcgttgtctttccctttcaggaatttaagtcaaaggatgctgctgcctgcgatgctggcacttcataggggtgac agtttgtgtccctgcggttccacttcctatccagctccctgctaatggcttgggagagccctgcacccacatgggagacc caaaagcagatcctgctgctttcagcctgctgcggccacttggagtatgaaccagtggatggaagatcaatgtctctcc caacaattctttgaataaattttttcaaaagtcaaaataaaattctccagctcaaaaagctttagtagaaaacgatcctac attaaggcggttgtgattgtatcccaagtgcatctacgttacaaaccaaattgagtatgcaattcagtatgctactagact ataaggagaaaacagccaattcaaacaaaataccaaagtcacgtgcagttaatttgctttctggttggccaaatgtttttt ttctcttcttgccaccactgttttacatgtactttagaagaaattttgactttttgcttcctttgagaaatcactattatcaaaggc aattcataattacaagtggtccattgtcttaagagctcaagattatagcccttcaaacttgccaaactcctcaaatagtga agctcctaacgaagggtttacaacatcctgttccttaggggttatatttttaagtgactgtaatttacctaacaaatttaatct ggctatctattggtaatacatgtaatattcaggtttatcataaacccacttaaaaactaaaggttaagtggaagttgctgct tttcaaagtaacaggcttctcaggggaaaatatcaccttagcgtccacctggtactacatctcgtgtattcactgtaaccc atgtctaatttattccaaataaactgatttacgccaata atctttccgaacatgtctgatatatatggaaacaacactagtgcttagcctctggaaatgaggccaggattttgtgattaa (SEQ ID NO: 411)
[0170] The amino acid sequence of dog beta klotho, scientific name Canis lupus familiaris, is given below:
[0172] SSITILHKRKRRKIWKAKNLQHIPLKKSKNSLQS (SEQ ID NO: 412)
[0174] The following is a nucleic acid sequence encoding dog beta klotho: acaatcacaagcttttactgaagcgttgataagacaggcgagcagttagtggcaaatgaagccaggctgtgcggctg gatctccagggaatgaatggattttcctcagcaccgatgaaagcaacacacactataggaaaacaatgtgcaacca cgggctacagagatctgtcatcctgtcagcatttattctcctaggagctgttcctggattctctggagacggaagagctat atggtctaaaaatcctcattttagtccggtaaatgaaagtcagctgtttctctatgacacttttcctaaaaactttttttggggc gttgggactggagcatttcaagtggaagggaattggaagacagatggaaaaggaccctctatatgggatcatttcatc cacacacaccttaaaaatgtcaacagcatgaatagttccagtgacagttacatttttctggaaaaagacctatcagccc tggattttatcggagtttctttttatcaattttcaatttcctggccaaggcttttccccgatggaatagcagcagttgccaacgc aaaaggtctccagtactacaattctcttctcgatgctctagtacttaggaacattgaacctatagttactttataccattggg atttgcctttggcactacaagaaaaatatggggggtggaaaaatgaaaccataacggatatcttcaatgactatgcca tgggacaggtatgcacgcgcctggagagaagggaaacttagcagctgtctacactgtgggacacaacctaatcaa cctactgtttccagacgttcggggatcgtgtcaaatactggattacaattcacaatccatatctagttgcttggcatgggta ggctcattcgaaagtttggcataactacaacacaaatttccgcccatatcagaagggtttgttatcaatcacgttgggat cccattggattgaaccaaacagatcagaa aacatgatggatatactcaaatgtcaacaatccatggtttcagtgctcg ggtggtttgccaaccccatccatgggaatggagactatccagaagtgatgaaaaagaagttgctctccactctacccc ttttctctgaagcagagaagaatgaagtgaggggcacagctgacttctttgccttttcctttggacccaacaatttcaagc cccagaacaccatggctaaaatgggacaaaatgtgtcactcaatttaagagaagtgctgaattggattaaactggaa tatggcaacccccgaatcttgattgctgagaatggctggttcacagacagtcatgtgaaaacagaagataccacagc catttacatgatgaagaatttcctcaaccaggttcttcaagcaataaggtttgacgaaatacaagtgtttggctacactgc ttggtctctcctggatggctttgaatggcaggatgcttactccactcgccgaggattattttatgtggattttaatagtaaaca aaaagaaagaaagcccaagtcttcggcatattactataaacagatcatacaagaaaatggttttactttcaaagagtc caccccagatgtgcagggtcagtttccctgtgacttctcatggggtgtcaccgaatctgtccttaagcccaaagtcgtgg cttcctccccacagttcagcgaccctcacctgtacgtgtggaatgtgacaggcaacagactgttgcaccgagtggaag gggtgaggctgaagacacggccggctcaatgcacagattttgtcagcatcaaaagacaacttgagatgttggcgag gatgaacgtcactcactacaggtttgctctggactggccctccatccttcccaccggcaacctgtccacggttaaccga caagccctgaggtactacaggtgtgtggtcagcgagtcgctgaagctcagcatctccccgatggtcacgc tgtactac ccgacccacgcccacctgggcctcccctcgccgctgctgcacagcgggggctggctgaacgcgtccaccgcccgc gccttccaggactatgccgggctgtgcttccaggagctgggggacctggtgaagctctggatcaccatcaatgagcc caaccggctgagtgacgtctacagccacaccagcagcgacacctaccgggcagcgcacaacctgctgatcgccc acgccctggtgtggcacctgtacgaccggcggtaccggccggcgcagcgcggggccgtgtcgctgtccctgcactc ggactgggcggagcccgccaacccctacgccgactcgcactggaaggcggccgagcgcttcctgcagttcgaaat cgcctggttcgccgagccgctcttcaagaccggggactacccgccggccatgagggagtacatcgcctccaagaa caggcaggggctctcgcgctccaccctgccccgcttcaccgacgaggagaggaggctggtcaagggcgccgccg acttctacgcgctgaaccacttcaccaccaggttcgtgatgcacgcgcgccagaacggcagccgctacgacgcgg accgcgacgtccagttcctgcaggacatcacctgcctgagctcccccagccgcctggccgtcctgccctgggggga gcgcaaggtgctcaggtggatccagaagaactacggagacgtggacgtgtacatcacggccagtggcatcgatga ccagtctctggaaaatgatgagctcagaaaatactacttggagaaatacatccaggaggctctgaaagcacaccta attgataaagtcaaagtcaaaggctattatgcattcaaactgactgaagaaaaatctaaacccagatttggattcttcac gtctgaattcaaagctaaatcctcagttcagctttacaacaaactgatcagcaacagtggcttcccttctgagaacagg agtcctagatgcagtgagactcaaagaaacacagagtgcatggtctgcttatttcttgtgcaaaagaaaccactgatat tctttagttgttgcttcttctctaccctggttctactttcatcgattaccattcttcataagcgaaagagaagaaaaatttggaa agcaaagaacttacaacatataccattaaagtgaggccacagaaagttcttagtgaaactgatcctatttctgtctgcat gatagaaagtctaaaaattcactccagtcccaaatactggtaacatagaagacaatttgaaacactagtagtaacca aggtgatgacaatcaaggtctctgctgtgtggtccaaatgaattttccattaggtgttgacatcactgaatacagtttttag atctgaagactaagatctagagagtaagctaggattatctgatacaatgcttcattaagtttaataagctgttatccatcat tcttctctggcttccttctagaaataccaatagctaattatagcaacttagaaaaaagtgcaacttttgctagactccatag cagaaatctaaaactcttaacactggatattcagtgattattctatcacttctaacaaggtgcttttcccctttagaagatat acaatagggtaaatagtgctcctttatc atccattccagcactttttttttccagcatagactcttaaacacattgatcctagtt tttctcaatagaaataaaaaatcatttagaaaacatggaattttgtgaggtctctccttgcattagatctgagttttttttaaaa aaaagacttaacttccataacccatctcatgggaagatcacaggactaagattaaggagagttagacccatcaactg cctgaggagacagcactcaacctcacagtacagcaaattccttgggacaaactgacagcaatcttccgcacttggat tgttgaggcagcacacaagatcttaacatacttaggaaagttaaatattctaaaaagatgtaaagttttatttttattatcaa gtcttcaaaggaccatattattccataagacttgctctctcctgagttccactcttctgacactatgtgtatatggggacact caaactgcaccttgacattgcaactttggatacaattcagaatgtaaatgtttgaaggacttaaaactttctccactgcac cttttgaagctgggattaagtaaatacgaactgggagtttgacttttttgaactctgtgcttgatttattcactgtattctaaattt taaggaaaacctgaatgtaaacccattcataccctttctttgggttagtaaacatttaaccacccatttca (SEQ ID
[0175] NO: 413).
[0177] The amino acid sequence of the human / mouse klotho beta chimeric protein (human KLB (M1-F508) -mouse KLB (P507-S1043)) is provided below:
[0179] TVFHHQKRRKFQKARNLQNIPLKKGHSRVFS (SEQ ID NO: 374).
[0181] The following is a nucleic acid sequence encoding the human / mouse klotho beta chimeric protein:
[0183] GAGTTTTCAGCTGA (SEQ ID NO: 375)
[0185] The amino acid sequence of the mouse / human beta klotho chimeric protein (mouse KLB (M1-F506) -human KLB (S509-S1044)) is provided below:
[0187] LLLSIAIFQRQKRRKFWKAKNLQHIPLKKGKRWS (SEQ ID NO: 376)
[0189] The following is a nucleic acid sequence encoding the mouse / human beta klotho chimeric protein:
[0191] AAGAAAGGCAAGAGAGTTGTTAGCTAG (SEQ ID NO: 377)
[0193] Related beta klotho polypeptides include allelic variants ( eg, SNP variants); splicing variants; fragments; derivatives; substitution, deletion and insertion variants; fusion polypeptides; and interspecies homologs, preferably, which retain beta klotho activity and / or are sufficient to generate an anti-beta klotho immune response. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, an anti-beta klotho antibody provided in this invention can bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, a beta klotho antigen, and / or a beta klotho epitope. An epitope can be part of a larger beta klotho antigen, which can be part of a larger beta klotho polypeptide fragment, which, in turn, can be part of a larger beta klotho polypeptide. Beta klotho can exist in a native or denatured form. The beta klotho polypeptides described in this invention can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as human tissue types or other sources, or prepared by recombinant or synthetic methods. A beta klotho polypeptide can comprise a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as a corresponding beta klotho polypeptide derived from nature. Beta klotho polypeptides encompass truncated or secreted forms of a beta klotho polypeptide ( eg, an extracellular domain sequence), variant forms ( eg, splicing forms), and allelic variants of the polypeptide. Orthologs to beta klotho polypeptide are also well known in the art.
[0195] The term "beta klotho" encompasses "full length", unprocessed beta klotho, as well as any form of beta klotho that results from processing in the cell. The term also encompasses natural variants or mutations of beta klotho ( eg, splicing variants, allelic variants, SNP variants, and isoforms). The beta klotho polypeptides described in this invention can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as human tissue types or other sources, or prepared by recombinant or synthetic methods.
[0196] The terms "FGF19-like signaling" and "induces FGF19-like signaling" when applied to a binding protein such as an antibody that binds to beta klotho of the present disclosure, means that the binding protein ( eg, the antibody ) mimics, or modulates, an in vivo biological effect induced by the binding of (i) beta klotho; (ii) Fg FR1c, FGFR2c, FGFr 3c and FGFR4; or (iii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of f Gf R1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4 and induces a biological response that would otherwise result from the binding of FGF19 to (i) beta klotho; (ii) FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c or FGFR4; or (iii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of FGf R1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4 in vivo. By evaluating the binding and specificity of the anti-beta klotho antibody, for example, an antibody or fragment thereof, which binds to beta klotho ( for example, human beta klotho), an antibody or fragment thereof is considered to induce a biological response when the response is equal to or greater than 5%, and preferably equal to or greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95%, of the activity of a wild-type FGF19 standard comprising the mature form of SEQ ID NO: 304 ( for example, the mature form of human FGF19) and has the following properties: it shows an efficacy level equal to or greater than 5% of a FGF19 standard, with an EC50 equal to or less than 100 nM, for example, 90 nM, 80 nM, 70 nM, 60 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, or 10 nM in (1) a reassay of luciferase-mediated reporter cells as for the recombinant FGF19 receptor (see, for example, example 4); (2) phosphorylation of ERK in a recombinant FGF19 receptor mediated cell assay (see, for example, Example 4); or (3) phosphorylation of ERK in human adipocytes (see, for example, example 5).
[0198] The term "FGF19R" can refer to a multimeric receptor complex that is known or suspected to form FGF19 in vivo. In various embodiments, FGF19R comprises (i) an FGFR, eg, FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, or FGFR4, and (ii) beta klotho.
[0200] The terms "FGF21-like signaling" and "induces FGF21-like signaling" when applied to a binding protein such as the beta klotho-binding antibody of the present disclosure, means that the binding protein ( eg, the antibody) mimics, or modulates, an in vivo biological effect induced by the binding of (i) beta klotho; (ii) Fg FR1c, FGFR2c, FGf R3c and FGFR4; or (iii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4 and induces a biological response that would otherwise result from the binding of FGF21 to (i) beta klotho; (ii) FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c or FGFR4; or (iii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4 in vivo. When evaluating the binding and specificity of the anti-beta klotho antibody, for example, an antibody or fragment thereof, that binds to beta klotho ( for example, human beta klotho), an antibody or fragment thereof is considered to induce a biological response when the response is equal to or greater than 5%, and preferably equal to or greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95%, of the activity of a wild-type FGF21 standard comprising the mature form of SEQ ID NO: 306 or 429 ( for example, the mature form of human FGF21) and has the following properties: shows an efficacy level equal to or greater than 5% of a FGF21 standard, with an EC50 equal to or less than 100 nM, for example 90 nM, 80 nM , 70 nM, 60 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, or 10 nM in (1) a recombinant FGF21 receptor mediated luciferase reporter cell assay (see, for example, Example 4); (2) phosphorylation of ERK in a recombinant FGF21 receptor-mediated cell assay (see, for example, example 4); or (3) phosphorylation of ERK in human adipocytes (see, for example, example 5).
[0202] The term "FGF21R" can refer to a multimeric receptor complex that is known or suspected to form FGF21 in vivo. In various embodiments, FGF21R comprises (i) an FGFR, eg, FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, or FGFR4, and (ii) beta klotho.
[0204] The term "binding protein" refers to a protein comprising a portion ( eg , one or more binding regions such as CDRs) that binds beta klotho, including human and / or cynoy beta klotho, optionally, a portion scaffold or structure ( eg , one or more scaffold or framework regions) that allows the binding portion to adopt a conformation that promotes binding of the binding protein to a klotho beta polypeptide, fragment or epitope. Examples of such binding proteins include antibodies, such as a human antibody, a humanized antibody; a chimeric antibody; a recombinant antibody; a single chain antibody; a diabody; a triabody; a tetrabody; a Fab fragment; an F (ab ') 2 fragment; an IgD antibody; an IgE antibody; an IgM antibody; an IgG1 antibody; an IgG2 antibody; an IgG3 antibody; or an IgG4 antibody, and fragments thereof. The binding protein may comprise, for example, an alternative protein scaffold or an artificial scaffold with grafted CDRs or CDR derivatives. Such scaffolds include, but are not limited to, antibody derived scaffolds comprising mutations introduced, for example, to stabilize the three-dimensional structure of the binding protein, as well as fully synthetic scaffolds comprising, for example, a biocompatible polymer. See, for example, Korndorfer et al, 2003, Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 53 (1): 121-129 (2003); Roque et al., Biotechnol. Prog. 20: 639-654 (2004). In addition, peptide antibody mimetics ("PAMs") can be used, as well as scaffolds based on antibody mimetics using fibronectin components as a scaffold. In the context of the present description, says that a binding protein binds specifically or selectively to beta klotho, for example, when the dissociation constant (K ^d ) is <10 -8 M. The binding protein (eg, antibody) can specifically bind to beta klotho with high affinity when K ^d is <10 -9 M or K ^d is <10 -10 Binding proteins ( e.g. antibodies) can bind to beta klotho or to a complex comprising FGFR1c and beta klotho, including with a K ^d of between about 10 -7 M and about 10 -12 M and in other aspects, binding proteins ( eg, antibodies) can bind with a K ^d of 1-2 x 10 -9 M.
[0206] The term "antibody" and "immunoglobulin" or "Ig" are used interchangeably in this invention, and are used in the broadest sense and specifically include, for example, individual monoclonal anti-beta klotho antibodies (including agonist, antagonist, neutralizing antibodies , full-length, or intact monoclonal antibodies), anti-beta klotho antibody compositions with polyepitopic or monoepitopic specificity, polyclonal or monovalent antibodies, multivalent antibodies, multispecific antibodies ( e.g. , bispecific antibodies provided they show the desired biological activity), formed at from at least two intact antibodies, single chain anti-beta klotho antibodies and anti-beta klotho antibody fragments, as described below. An antibody can be human, humanized, chimeric, and / or affinity matured, as well as an antibody from other species, eg, mouse, rabbit, etc. The term "antibody" is intended to include a B cell polypeptide product within the immunoglobulin class of polypeptides that is capable of binding to a specific and molecular antigen and is composed of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, where each pair has a heavy chain (approximately 50-70 kDa) and a light chain (approximately 25 kDa) and each amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of approximately 100 to approximately 130 or more amino acids and each carboxy-terminal portion of each chain includes a region constant (see, Borrebaeck (ed.) (1995) Antibody Engineering, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press .; Kuby (1997) Immunology, 3rd Ed., WH Freeman and Company, New York). The specific molecular antigen that can be bound by an antibody provided in this invention includes a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho fragment, or a beta klotho epitope. Antibodies also include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, multispecific antibodies (including bispecific antibodies), human antibodies, humanized antibodies, camelized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti- Id) and functional fragments ( eg, antigen-binding fragments such as beta klotho- binding fragments) of any of the above, which refers to a portion of an antibody heavy or light chain polypeptide that retains part or all of the binding activity of the antibody from which the fragment was derived. Nonlimiting examples of functional fragments (e.g., antigen binding fragments such as binding fragments Klotho beta) include single chain Fv (scFv) (e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc.), Fab fragments F (ab ') fragments, F (ab) 2, F (ab') 2 fragments, disulfide linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, tribody, tetrabody and minibody. In particular, the antibodies provided in this invention include immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, for example, antigen-binding domains or molecules that contain an antigen-binding site that binds to a klotho antigen (eg. , one or more complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of an anti-beta antibody). Such antibody fragments can be found in, for example, Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York (1989); Myers (ed.), Molec. Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference, New York: VCH Publisher, Inc .; Huston et al., Cell Biophysics, 22: 189-224 (1993); Plückthun and Skerra, Meth. Enzymol., 178: 497-515 (1989) and in Day, ED, Advanced Immunochemistry, 2nd Ed., Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, NY (1990). The antibodies provided in this invention can be of any type ( for example, IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD and IgA and IgY), any class ( for example, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or any subclass ( for example, IgG2a and IgG2b) of immunoglobulin molecule. Anti-beta klotho antibodies can be agonist antibodies or antagonist antibodies. Agonist antibodies that bind to beta klotho are provided in this invention, including antibodies that induce FGF19-like signaling and / or FGF21-like signaling. Preferred agonist antibodies that bind to beta klotho do not compete for the binding of FGF19 and / or FGF21 to an FGF receptor, including, for example, FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, of Gf R4c.
[0208] The term "fibroblast growth factors" refers to a family of growth factors, which includes twenty-two members of the human FGF family. The FGF19 subfamily of fibroblast growth factors consists of human FGF23 and FGF19 and mouse FGF15. The effects of members of the FGF family are the result of their heparin-dependent binding to one or more members of the FGF receptor tyrosine kinase family (FGFR), which includes four members each having a tyrosine kinase domain, FGFR1 , FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4, as well as two splicing variants each of FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3. These splicing variants, which occur in exon 3 of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3, are designated as "b" and "c" variants ( eg, FGFR1b, FGFR2b, FGFR3c, FGFR1c, FGFR2c, and FGFR3c, which are also known such as FGFR1 (III) b, FGFR2 (III) b, FGFR3 (III) c, FGFR1 (III) c, FGFR2 (III) c and FGFR3 (III) c, respectively). For example, FGF19 targets and has effects on both adipocytes and hepatocytes. Mice treated with recombinant human FGF19 (rhFGF19), despite having a high fat diet, show increased metabolic rates, increased lipid oxidation, a ratio lower respiratory rate and weight loss. Furthermore, such mice showed lower serum levels of leptin, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and normal blood glucose levels despite the high-fat diet and no decreased appetite. In addition, obese mice that lacked leptin but included an FGF19 transgene showed weight loss, lowered cholesterol and triglycerides, and did not develop diabetes. Furthermore, obese and diabetic mice lacking leptin, when injected with rhFGF19, showed a reversal of their metabolic characteristics in the form of weight loss and decreased blood glucose. For example, FGF21 is expressed primarily in the liver and has metabolic effects similar to FGF19, such as increased metabolism through its effects on adipose tissue, weight loss, low blood glucose levels, and resistance to obesity and diabetes. FGF21 transgenic mice were also resistant to diet-induced obesity, and, in diabetic rodent models, FGF21 administration lowered blood glucose and triglyceride levels. The metabolic effects of FGF19 and FGF21 occur through their binding FGF receptors, including the FGFR1c, FGFR2c, and FGFR3c receptors, and beta klotho is required for binding. for the union. The binding of FGF19 and FGF21 to FGFR1c and FGFR2c is significant. FGF19 has also been shown to have metabolic effects other than FGF21, including regulation of bile production by the liver through its liver-specific effects, negatively regulating bile production in response to postprandial bile production, and effects hepatic mitogens that are not observed with respect to FGF21. For example, FGF19 transgenic mice develop hepatic adenocarcinoma due to increased proliferation and dysplasia of hepatocytes, and mice treated with rhFGF19 show proliferation of hepatocytes from hepatocytes. These additional activities of FGF19 appear to be mediated by its binding to FGFR4. FGF19 can bind to FGFR4 in a beta klotho-dependent and beta klotho-independent manner. Although FGF21 has also been shown to bind to FGFR4 in a beta klotho-dependent manner, efficient signaling from the binding of FGF21 to FGFR4 has not previously been observed.
[0209] Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as described in this invention, can induce FGF19-like signaling, as described in this invention. In vivo, the mature form of FGF19 is the active form of the molecule. A nucleic acid sequence encoding full-length FGF19 is provided below; nucleotides encoding the signal sequence are underlined.
[0210] atgcggagcgggtgtgtggtggtccacgtatggatcctggccggcctctggctggccgtggc cgggcgccccctcgccttctcggacgcggggccccacgtgcactacggctggggcgacccca tccgcctgcggcacctgtacacctccggcccccacgggctctccagctgcttcctgcgcatc cgtgccgacggcgtcgtggactgcgcgcggggccagagcgcgcacagtttgctggagatcaa ggcagtcgctctgcggaccgtggccatcaagggcgtgcacagcgtgcggtacctctgcatgg gcgccgacggcaagatgcaggggctgcttcagtactcggaggaagactgtgctttcgaggag gagatccgcccagatggctacaatgtgtaccgatccgagaagcaccgcctcccggtctccct gagcagtgccaaacagcggcagctgtacaagaacagaggctttcttccactctctcatttcc tgcccatgctgcccatggtcccagaggagcctgaggacctcaggggccacttggaatctgac atgttctcttcgcccctggagaccgacagcatggacccatttgggcttgtcaccggactgga ggccgtgaggagtcccagctttgagaagtaa
[0211] (SEQ ID NO: 303)
[0212] The full-length FGF19 amino acid sequence is provided; the amino acids that make up the signal sequence are underlined:
[0213] mrsgcvvvhvwilaglwlavagRPLAFSDAGPHVHYGWGDPIRLRHLYTSGPHGLSSCFLRI
[0214] MFSSPLETDSMDPFGLVTGLEAVRSPSFEK
[0215] (SEQ ID NO: 304)
[0216] Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as described in this invention, can induce FGF21-like signaling, as described in this invention. In vivo, the mature form of FGF21 is the active form of the molecule. A nucleic acid sequence is provided that encodes a full-length FGF21; nucleotides encoding the signal sequence are underlined:
[0217] atg gac teg gac gag acc ggg ttc gag cae tea gga ctg tgg gtt tct gtg ctg gct ggt ctt ctg ctg gga gee tgc cag gca cae ccc ate cct gac tcc agt cct etc ctg caa ttc ggg ggc caa ctc cg etc ca tac gtc cg etc ac a gat gat gee cag cag aca gaa gee cae ctg gag ate agg gag gat ggg acg gtg ggg ggc gct gct gac cag age ccc gaa agt etc ctg cag ctg ^cLcLcL gee ttg aag ccg gga gtt att caa ate ttg gga t gtc a agg ttc ctg tgc cag cgg cea gat ggg gee ctg tat gga teg etc cae ttt gac cct gag gee tgc age ttc cgg gag ctg ctt ctt gag gac gga tac aat gtt tac cag tcc gaa gee cae ggc etc ccg ctg cae ctg ce aag tcc cea cae cgg gac cct gca ccc cga gga cea gct cgc ttc ctg cea cta cea ggc ctg ccc ccc gca ccc ccg gag cea ccc gga ate ctg gee ccc cag ccc ccc gat gtg ggc tcc teg g age cct gtg ctg tcc cag ggc cga age ccc age tac gct tcc tga (SEQ ID NO: 305).
[0218] An amino acid sequence of a full-length FGF21 is provided below; the amino acids that make up the signal sequence are underlined:
[0219] m d s d e t g f e h s g l w v s v l a g l l l g a c g a H P I
[0221] V G S S D P L S M V G P S Q G R S P S Y A S
[0222] (SEQ ID NO: 306).
[0223] A nucleic acid sequence is provided that also encodes a full-length FGF21; nucleotides encoding the signal sequence are underlined:
[0224] atqqactcqqacqaqaccqqqttcqaqcactcaqqactqtqqqtttctqtqctqqctqqtcttctqctqqqaqcc tgccaggcaCACCCCATCCCTGACTCCAGTCCTCTCCTGCAATTCGGGGCTCAAGTCCGTGCAG
[0225] CAGGGCCGAAGCCCCAGCTACGCTTCCTGA
[0226] (SEQ ID NO: 428).
[0227] An amino acid sequence is provided that also encodes a full-length FGF21; amino acids encoding the signal sequence are underlined:
[0228] mdsdetafehsqlwvsvIaalllaacqaHPIPDSSPLLQFGGQVRQRYLYTDDAQQTEAHLEIR
[0229] PPGILAPQPPDVGSSDPLSMVGPSQGRSPSYAS
[0230] (SEQ ID NO: 429)
[0231] Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as described in this invention, bind beta klotho alone or in complex with an FGF receptor, such as FGFR1c. The following is a nucleic acid sequence encoding human FGFR1c (GenBank accession number NM 023110; also designated FGFRalIIc):
[0232] atgtggagctggaagtgcctcctcttctgggctgtgctggtcacagcc acactctgcaccgctaggccgtccccgaccttgcctgaacaagcccag ccctggggagcccctgtggaagtggagtccttcctggtccaccccggt gacctgctgcagcttcgctgtcggctgcgggacgatgtgcagagcatc aactggctgcgggacggggtgcagctggcggaaagcaaccgcacccg catcacaggggaggaggtggaggtgcaggactccgtgcccgcagact ccggcctctatgcttgcgtaaccagcagcccctcgggcagtgacacca tgatgatgatgatgactcctcttcagaggagaaagaaacagataaca cctacttctccgtcaatgtttcagatgctctcccctcctcggaggatga ccaaaccaaaccgtatgcccgtagctccatattggacatcaccagaaa agatggaaaagaaattgcatgcagtgccggctgccaagacagtgaag ttcaaatgcccttccagtgggacaccaaacccaacactgcgctggttg aaaaatggcaaagaattcaaacctgaccacagaattggaggctacaa ggtccgttatgccacctggagcatcataatggactctgtggtgccctc tgacaagggcaactacacctgcattgtggagaatgagtacggcagca tcaaccacacataccagctggatgtcgtggagcggtcccctcaccggc ccatcctgcaagcagggttgcccgccaacaaaacagtggccctgggt agcaacgtggagttcatgtgtaaggtgtacagtgacccgcagccgcac atccagtggctaaagcacatcgaggtgaatgggagcaagattggccc agacaacctgccttatgtccagatcttgaagactgctggagttaatac caccgacaaagagatggaggtgcttca cttaagaaatgtctcctttga ggacgcaggggagtatacgtgcttggcgggtaactctatcggactctc ccatcactctgcatggttgaccgttctggaagccctggaagagaggcc ggcagtgatgacctcgcccctgtacctggagatcatcatctattgcac aggggccttcctcatctcctgcatggtggggtcggtcatcgtctacaa gatgaagagtggtaccaagaagagtgacttccacagccagatggctg tgcacaagctggccaagagcatccctctgcgcagacaggtaacagtg tctgctgactccagtgcatccatgaactctggggttcttctggttcggc catcacggctctcctccagtgggactcccatgctagcaggggtctctg agtatgagcttcccgaagaccctcgctgggagctgcctcgggacagac tggtcttaggcaaacccctgggagagggctgctttgggcaggtggtgt tggcagaggctatcgggctggacaaggacaaacccaaccgtgtgacc aaagtggctgtgaagatgttgaagtcggacgcaacagagaaagactt gtcagacctgatctcagaaatggagatgatgaagatgatcgggaagc ataagaatatcatcaacctgctgggggcctgcacgcaggatggtccct tgtatgtcatcgtggagtatgcctccaagggcaacctgcgggagtacc tgcaggcccggaggcccccagggctggaatactgctacaaccccagc cacaacccagaggagcagctctcctccaaggacctggtgtcctgcgcc taccaggtggcccgaggcatggagtatctggcctccaagaagtgcata caccgagacctggcagccaggaatgtcctggtgacagaggacaatgt gatgaagatagcagactttggcctcgcacgggacattcaccacatcga ctactataaaaagacaaccaacggccgactgcctgtgaagtggatgg cacccgaggcattatttgaccggatctacacccaccagagtgatgtgt ggtctttcggggtgctcctgtgggagatcttcactctgggcggctcccc ataccccggtgtgcctgtggaggaacttttcaagctgctgaaggaggg tcaccgcatggacaagcccagtaactgcaccaacgagctgtacatgat gatgcgggactgctggcatgcagtgccctcacagagacccaccttcaa gcagctggtggaagacctggaccgcatcgtggccttgacctccaacca ggagtacctggacctgtccatgcccctggaccagtactcccccagctt tcccgacacccggagctctacgtgctcctcaggggaggattccgtctt ctctcatgagccgctgcccgaggagccctgcctgccccgacacccagc ccagcttgccaatggcggactcaaacgccgctga.
[0233] (SEQ ID NO: 307)
[0234] The amino acid sequence of human FGFRIc (GenBank accession number NM 075598; also designated FGFRalIIC) is provided below:
[0236] EDSVFSHEPLPEEPCLPRHPAQLANGGLKRR.
[0237] (SEQ ID NO: 308)
[0238] Binding proteins, such as the anti-beta klotho antibodies, described in this invention, can bind beta klotho in complex with the extracellular portion of an FGF receptor such as FGFR1c. An example of an extracellular region of FGFR1c is:
[0240] HHSAWLTVLEALEERPAVMTSPLY. (SEQ ID NO: 309)
[0241] An example of an extracellular region of FGFR1c (alIIc) is:
[0244] EMEVLHLRNVSFEDAGEYTCLAGNSIGLSHHSAWLTVLEALEERPAVMTSPLYE.
[0245] (SEQ ID NO: 427)
[0246] An example of an extracellular region of FGFR1c (pille) is:
[0248] ALEERPAVMTSPLYLE.
[0249] (SEQ ID NO: 426)
[0250] As described in this invention, FGFR1c proteins can also include fragments. As used in this invention, the terms are used interchangeably to refer to a receptor, in particular, and unless otherwise specified, a human receptor, which when associated with beta klotho and FGF21 induces FGF21-like signaling activity.
[0251] The term FGFRIc also includes post-translational modifications of the amino acid sequence of FGFRIc, for example possible N-linked glycosylation sites. Therefore, antigen-binding proteins can be bound to or generated from proteins glycosylated at one or more of the positions.
[0252] Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as described in this invention, bind beta klotho alone or in complex with an FGF receptor, such as FGFR2c. The following is a nucleic acid sequence encoding human FGFR2c:
[0253] atggtcagctggggtcgtttcatctgcctggtcgtggtcaccatggcaaccttgtccctggc ccggccctccttcagtttagttgaggataccacattagagccagaagagccaccaaccaaat accaaatctctcaaccagaagtgtacgtggctgcgccaggggagtcgctagaggtgcgctgc ctgttgaaagatgccgccgtgatcagttggactaaggatggggtgcacttggggcccaacaa taggacagtgcttattggggagtacttgcagataaagggcgccacgcctagagactccggcc tctatgcttgtactgccagtaggactgtagacagtgaaacttggtacttcatggtgaatgtc acagatgccatctcatccggagatgatgaggatgacaccgatggtgcggaagattttgtcag tgagaacagtaacaacaagagagcaccatactggaccaacacagaaaagatggaaaagcggc tccatgctgtgcctgcggccaacactgtcaagtttcgctgcccagccggggggaacccaatg ccaaccatgcggtggctgaaaaacgggaaggagtttaagcaggagcatcgcattggaggcta caaggtacgaaaccagcactggagcctcattatggaaagtgtggtcccatctgacaagggaa attatacctgtgtagtggagaatgaatacgggtccatcaatcacacgtaccacctggatgtt gtggagcgatcgcctcaccggcccatcctccaagccggactgccggcaaatgcctccacagt ggtcggaggagacgtagagtttgtctgcaaggtttacagtgatgcccagccccacatccagt ggatcaagcacgtggaaaagaacggcagtaaatacgggcccgacgggctgccctacctcaag gttctcaaggccgccggtgttaacaccacggacaaagagattgaggttctctata ttcggaa tgtaacttttgaggacgctggggaatatacgtgcttggcgggtaattctattgggatatcct ttcactctgcatggttgacagttctgccagcgcctggaagagaaaaggagattacagcttcc ccagactacctggagatagccatttgtactgcataggtggct aacagtcatcctgtgccgaatgaagaacacgaccaagaagccagacttcagcagccagccgg ctgtgcacaagctgaccaaacgtatccccctgcggagacaggtaacagtttcggctgagtcc agctcctccatgaactccaacaccccgctggtgaggataacaacacgcctctcttcaacggc agacacccccatgctggcaggggtctccgagtatgaacttccagaggacccaaaatgggagt ttccaagagataagctgacactgggcaagcccctgggagaaggttgctttgggcaagtggtc atggcggaagcagtgggaattgacaaagacaagcccaaggaggcggtcaccgtggccgtgaa gatgttgaaagatgatgccacagagaaagacctttctgatctggtgtcagagatggagatga tgaagatgattgggaaacacaagaatatcataaatcttcttggagcctgcacacaggatggg cctctctatgtcatagttgagtatgcctctaaaggcaacctccgagaatacctccgagcccg gaggccacccgggatggagtactcctatgacattaaccgtgttcctgaggagcagatgacct tcaaggacttggtgtcatgcacctaccagctggccagaggcatggagtacttggcttcccaa aaatgtattcatcgagatttagcagccagaaatgttttggtaacagaaaacaatgtgatgaa aatagcagactttggactcgccagagatatcaacaatatagactattacaaaaagaccacca atgggcggcttccagtcaagtggatggctccagaagccctgtttgatagagtatacactcat cagagtgatgtctggtccttcggggtgttaatgtgggagatcttcactttagggggctcgcc ctacccagggattcccgtggaggaactttttaagctgctgaaggaaggacacaga atggata agccagccaactgcaccaacgaactgtacatgatgatgagggactgttggcatgcagtgccc tcccagagaccaacgttcaagcagttggtagaagacttggatcgaattctcactctcacaac caatgaggaatacttggacctcagccaacctctcgaacagtattcacctagttaccctgaca caagaagttcttgttcttcaggagatgattctgttttttctccagaccccatgccttacgaa ccatgccttcctcagtatccacacataaacggcagtgttaaaacatga
[0254] (SEQ ID NO: 310)
[0255] The amino acid sequence of human FGFR2c is provided below; the amino acids that make up the signal sequence are underlined:
[0256] mvswgrficlvvvtmatlslaRPSFSLVEDTTLEPEEPPTKYQISQPEVYVAAPGESLEVRC
[0257] PCLPQYPHINGSVKT
[0258] (SEQ ID NO: 311)
[0259] Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as described in this invention, bind beta klotho alone or in complex with an FGF receptor, such as FGFR3c. The following is a nucleic acid sequence encoding human FGFR3c (GenBank accession number NM 000133):
[0260] atgggcgcccctgcctgcgccctcgcgctctgcgtggccgtggccatcgtggccggcgcctc ctcggagtccttggggacggagcagcgcgtcgtggggcgagcggcagaagtcccgggcccag agcccggccagcaggagcagttggtcttcggcagcggggatgctgtggagctgagctgtccc ccgcccgggggtggtcccatggggcccactgtctgggtcaaggatggcacagggctggtgcc ctcggagcgtgtcctggtggggccccagcggctgcaggtgctgaatgcctcccacgaggact ccggggcctacagctgccggcagcggctcacgcagcgcgtactgtgccacttcagtgtgcgg gtgacagacgctccatcctcgggagatgacgaagacggggaggacgaggctgaggacacagg tgtggacacaggggccccttactggacacggcccgagcggatggacaagaagctgctggccg tgccggccgccaacaccgtccgcttccgctgcccagccgctggcaaccccactccctccatc tcctggctgaagaacggcagggagttccgcggcgagcaccgcattggaggcatcaagctgcg gcatcagcagtggagcctggtcatggaaagcgtggtgccctcggaccgcggcaactacacct gcgtcgtggagaacaagtttggcagcatccggcagacgtacacgctggacgtgctggagcgc tccccgcaccggcccatcctgcaggcggggctgccggccaaccagacggcggtgctgggcag cgacgtggagttccactgcaaggtgtacagtgacgcacagccccacatccagtggctcaagc acgtggaggtgaatggcagcaaggtgggcccggacggcacaccctacgttaccgtgctcaag acggcgggcgctaacaccaccgacaaggagctagaggttctctccttgcacaacg tcacctt tgaggacgccggggagtacacctgcctggcgggcaattctattgggttttctcatcactctg cgtggctggtggtgctgccagccgaggaggagctggtggaggctgacgaggcgggcagtgtg tatgcaggcatcctcagctacggggtgggcttcttcctgttcatcctggtggtggcggctgt gacgctctgccgcctgcgcagcccccccaagaaaggcctgggctcccccaccgtgcacaaga tctcccgcttcccgctcaagcgacaggtgtccctggagtccaacgcgtccatgagctccaac acaccactggtgcgcatcgcaaggctgtcctcaggggagggccccacgctggccaatgtctc cgagctcgagctgcctgccgaccccaaatgggagctgtctcgggcccggctgaccctgggca agccccttggggagggctgcttcggccaggtggtcatggcggaggccatcggcattgacaag gaccgggccgccaagcctgtcaccgtagccgtgaagatgctgaaagacgatgccactgacaa ggacctgtcggacctggtgtctgagatggagatgatgaagatgatcgggaaacacaaaaaca tcatcaacctgctgggcgcctgcacgcagggcgggcccctgtacgtgctggtggagtacgcg gccaagggtaacctgcgggagtttctgcgggcgcggcggcccccgggcctggactactcctt cgacacctgcaagccgcccgaggagcagctcacettcaaggacctggtgtcctgtgcctace aggtggcccggggcatggagtacttggcctcccagaagtgcatccacagggacctggctgcc cgcaatgtgctggtgaccgaggacaacgtgatgaagatcgcagacttcgggctggcccggga cgtgcacaacctcgactactacaagaagacaaccaacggccggctgcccgtgaagtggatgg cgcctgaggccttgtttgaccgagtctacactcaccagagtgacgtctggtcctttggggtc ctgctctgggagatcttcacgctggggggctccccgtaccccggcatccctgtggaggagct cttcaagctgctgaaggagggccaccgcatggacaagcccgccaactgcacacacgacctgt acatgatcatgcgggagtgctggcatgccgcgccctcccagaggcccaccttcaagcagctg gtggaggacctggaccgtgtccttaccgtgacgtccaccgacgagtacctggacctgtcggc gcctttcgagcagtactccccgggtggccaggacacccccagctccagctcctcaggggacg actccgtgtttgcccacgacctgctgcccccggccccacccagcagtgggggctc gcggacg tga
[0261] (SEQ ID NO: 312)
[0262] The amino acid sequences of human FGFR3c are provided below; the amino acids that make up the signal sequence are underlined:
[0263] mgapacalalcvavaivagassESLGTEQRVVGRAAEVPGPEPGQQEQLVFGSGDAVELSCP
[0264] (SEQ ID NO: 313)
[0265] Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as described in this invention, bind beta klotho alone or in complex with an FGF receptor, such as FGFR4. Here is a nucleic acid sequence encoding human FGFR4:
[0266] atgcggctgctgctggccctgttgggggtcctgctgagtgtgcctgggcctccagtcttgtc cctggaggcctctgaggaagtggagcttgagccctgcctggctcccagcctggagcagcaag agcaggagctgacagtagcccttgggcagcctgtgcgtctgtgctgtgggcgggctgagcgt ggtggccactggtacaaggagggcagtcgcctggcacctgctggccgtgtacggggctggag gggccgcctagagattgccagcttcctacctgaggatgctggccgctacctctgcctggcac gaggctccatgatcgtcctgcagaatctcaccttgattacaggtgactccttgacctccagc aacgatgatgaggaccccaagtcccatagggacccctcgaataggcacagttacccccagca agcaccctactggacacacccccagcgcatggagaagaaactgcatgcagtacctgcgggga acaccgtcaagttccgctgtccagctgcaggcaaccccacgcccaccatccgctggcttaag gatggacaggcctttcatggggagaaccgcattggaggcattcggctgcgccatcagcactg gagtctcgtgatggagagcgtggtgccctcggaccgcggcacatacacctgcctggtagaga acgctgtgggcagcatccgctataactacctgctagatgtgctggagcggtccccgcaccgg cccatcctgcaggccgggctcccggccaacaccacagccgtggtgggcagcgacgtggagct getgtgcaaggtgtacagcgatgcccagccccacatccagtggctgaagcacatcgtcatea acggcagcagcttcggagccgacggtttcccctatgtgcaagtcctaaagactgcagacatc aatagctcagaggtggaggtcctgtacctgcggaacgtgtcagccgaggacgcag gcgagta cacctgcctcgcaggcaattccatcggcctctcctaccagtctgcctggctcacggtgctgc cagaggaggaccccacatggaccgcagcagcgcccgaggccaggtatacggacatcatcctg tacgcgtcgggctccctggccttggctgtgctcctgctgctggccgggctgtatcgagggca ggcgctccacggccggcacccccgcccgcccgccactgtgcagaagctctcccgcttccctc tggcccgacagttctccctggagtcaggctcttccggcaagtcaagctcatccctggtacga ggcgtgcgtctctcctccagcggccccgccttgctcgccggcctcgtgagtctagatctacc tctcgacccactatgggagttcccccgggacaggctggtgcttgggaagcccctaggcgagg gctgctttggccaggtagtacgtgcagaggcctttggcatggaccctgcccggcctgaccaa gccagcactgtggccgtcaagatgctcaaagacaacgcctctgacaaggacctggccgacct ggtctcggagatggaggtgatgaagctgatcggccgacacaagaacatcatcaacctgcttg gtgtctgcacccaggaagggcccctgtacgtgatcgtggagtgcgccgccaagggaaacctg cgggagttcctgcgggcccggcgccccccaggccccgacctcagccccgacggtcctcggag cagtgaggggccgctctccttcccagtcctggtctcctgcgcctaccaggtggcccgaggca tgcagtatctggagtcccggaagtgtatccaccgggacctggctgcccgcaatgtgctggtg actgaggacaatgtgatgaagattgctgactttgggctggcccgcggcgtccaccacattga ctactataagaaaaccagcaacggccgcctgcctgtgaagtggatggcgcccgaggccttgt ttgaccgggtgtacacacaccagagtgacgtgtggtcttttgggatcctgctatgggagatc ttcaccctcgggggctccccgtatcctggcatcccggtggaggagctgttctcgctgctgcg ggagggacatcggatggaccgacccccacactgccccccagagctgtacgggctgatgcgtg agtgctggcacgcagcgccctcccagaggcctaccttcaagcagctggtggaggcgctggac aaggtcctgctggccgtctctgaggagtacctcgacctccgcctgaccttcggaccctattc cccctctggtggggacgccagcagcacctgctcctccagcgattctgtcttcagccacgacc ccctgccattgggatccagctccttccccttcgggtctggggtgcagacatga
[0267] (SEQ ID NO: 314)
[0268] The amino acid sequence of human FGFR4 (GenBank accession number NP. 002002.3) is provided below; the amino acids that make up the signal sequence are underlined:
[0269] mrlllallgvllsvpgppvlsLEASEEVELEPCLAPSLEQQEQELTVALGQPVRLCCGRAER
[0270] (SEQ ID NO: 315)
[0271] An "antigen" is a predetermined antigen to which an antibody can selectively bind. A target antigen can be a polypeptide, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, hapten, or other natural or synthetic compound. Preferably, the target antigen is a polypeptide.
[0272] The term "antigen-binding fragment", "antigen-binding domain", "antigen-binding region", and similar terms refer to the portion of an antibody that comprises amino acid residues that interact with an antigen and confer to the binding agent its specificity and affinity for the antigen ( eg, complementarity determining regions (CDRs)).
[0273] The terms "binds" or "binds" refer to an interaction between molecules that includes, for example, forming a complex. The interactions can be, for example, non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions and / or van der Waals interactions. A complex can also include the joining of two or more molecules linked by covalent or non-covalent bonds, interactions, or forces. The force of the total non-covalent interactions between a single antigen-binding site on an antibody and a single epitope on a target molecule, such as beta klotho, is the affinity of the antibody or functional fragment for that epitope. The association (k1) to dissociation (k-1) ratio of an antibody to a monovalent antigen (k1 / k-1) is the association constant K, which is a measure of affinity. The value of K varies for different complexes of antibody and antigen and depends on both k1 and k-1. The association constant K for an antibody provided in this invention can be determined using any method provided in this invention or any other method well known to those of skill in the art. The affinity at a binding site does not always reflect the true strength of the interaction between an antibody and an antigen. When complex antigens containing multiple repetitive antigenic determinants, such as a polyvalent beta klotho, come into contact with antibodies that contain multiple binding sites, the interaction of the antibody with the antigen at one site will increase the likelihood of a reaction at a second site. . The strength of such multiple interactions between a multivalent antibody and antigen is called avidity. The avidity of an antibody may be a better measure of its binding capacity than is the affinity of its individual binding sites. For example, high avidity can compensate for a low affinity as is sometimes found for IgM pentameric antibodies, which may have a lower affinity than IgG, but the high avidity of IgM, as a result of its multivalence, allows it to bind. to the antigen effectively.
[0275] The terms "antibodies that specifically bind to beta klotho", "antibodies that specifically bind to a beta klotho epitope", and analogous terms are also used interchangeably in this invention and refer to antibodies that specifically bind to a beta klotho polypeptide. , such as a beta klotho antigen, or fragment, or epitope ( eg, human beta klotho such as a human beta klotho polypeptide, antigen or epitope). An antibody that specifically binds beta klotho, ( eg, human beta klotho) can bind to the extracellular domain or a peptide derived from the extracellular domain of beta klotho beta klotho. An antibody that specifically binds to a beta klotho antigen ( eg, human beta klotho) can cross-react with related antigens ( eg, beta klotho cyno). In certain embodiments, an antibody that specifically binds to a beta klotho antigen does not cross-react with other antigens. An antibody that specifically binds to a beta klotho antigen can be identified, for example, by immunoassays, Biacore, or other techniques known to those of skill in the art. An antibody specifically binds to a beta klotho antigen when it binds to a beta klotho antigen with higher affinity than to any cross-reactive antigen as determined using experimental techniques, such as radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) . Typically, a specific or selective reaction will be at least twice background signal or noise and can be more than 10 times background. See for example, Paul, ed., 1989, Fundamental Immunology Second Edition, Raven Press, New York, at pages 332-336 for a discussion regarding the specificity of the antibody. An antibody "that binds" to an antigen of interest (eg, a target antigen such as beta klotho) is one that binds to the antigen with sufficient affinity that the antibody is useful as a therapeutic agent in the selection of a cell. or tissue that expresses the antigen, and does not significantly cross-react with other proteins. In such embodiments, the degree of binding of the antibody to a "non-target" protein will be less than about 10% of the binding of the antibody to its particular target protein, for example, as determined by activated cell sorting analysis. fluorescence (FACS) or radioimmunoprecipitation (RIA). With respect to the binding of an antibody to a target molecule, the term "specific binding" or "specifically binds to" or is "specific for" a particular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide target means the binding that is measurably different from a non-specific interaction. Specific binding can be measured, for example, by determining the binding of a molecule compared to the binding of a control molecule, which is generally a molecule of similar structure that has no binding activity. For example, specific binding can be determined by competition with a target-like control molecule, eg, an excess of unlabeled target. In this case, specific binding is indicated if binding of the labeled target to a probe is competitively inhibited by excess of the unlabeled target. The term "specific binding" or "specifically binds to" or is "specific for" a particular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide target as used in this invention can be shown, for example, by a molecule having a Kd for the target of at least about 10-4 M, alternatively at least about 10-5 M, alternatively at least about 10-6 M, alternatively at least about 10-7 M, alternatively at least about 10-8 M, alternatively at least about 10-9 M, alternatively at least about 10-10 M, alternatively at least about 10-11 M, alternatively at least about 10-12 M, or greater. The term "specific binding" refers to binding where a molecule binds to a particular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide without substantially binding to any other polypeptide or polypeptide epitope. In certain embodiments, an antibody that binds beta klotho has a dissociation constant (Kd) less than or equal to 10 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.9 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.7 nM, 0.6 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 0.3 nM, 0.2 nM, or 0.1 nM. The lower the K ^d , the higher the affinity of the anti-beta klotho antibody. In certain embodiments, the anti-beta klotho antibody binds to a beta klotho epitope that is conserved among beta klotho from different species ( eg, between human beta klotho and cyno).
[0276] The term "compete" when used in the context of anti-beta klotho antibodies ( eg, agonist antibodies and binding proteins that bind to (i) beta klotho; or (ii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4) that compete for the same epitope or binding site on a target means competition between what is determined by an assay in which the antibody (or binding fragment) thereof under study prevents or inhibits binding specific from a reference molecule ( eg, a reference ligand, or reference antigen-binding protein, such as a reference antibody) to a common antigen ( eg, beta klotho or a fragment thereof). Numerous types of competitive binding assays can be used to determine whether a test antibody competes with a reference antibody to bind beta klotho ( eg, human beta klotho). Examples of assays that may be employed include solid phase direct or indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA), solid phase direct or indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA), sandwich competition assay (see, for example, Stahli et al., (1983 ) Methods in Enzymology 9: 242-253); Solid phase direct biotin-avidin EIA (see, for example, Kirkland et al., (1986) J. Immunol. 137: 3614-3619) solid phase direct labeled assay, solid phase direct labeled sandwich assay (see, for example, Harlow and Lane, (1988) Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press); RIA directly labeled on solid phase using 1-125 labels (see, eg, Morel et al., (1988) Molec. Immunol. 25: 7-15); Solid phase direct biotin-avidin EIA (see, eg, Cheung, et al., (1990) Virology 176: 546-552); and direct labeled RIA (Moldenhauer et al., (1990) Scand. Immunol.
[0277] 32: 77-82). Typically, such an assay involves the use of a purified antigen ( e.g. beta klotho such as human beta klotho) bound to a solid surface or cells bearing any of an unlabeled test antigen-binding protein ( e.g. anti-beta klotho test) or a labeled reference antigen-binding protein ( eg, anti-beta klotho reference antibody). Competitive inhibition can be measured by determining the amount of marker bound to the solid surface or cells in the presence of the test antigen-binding protein. Generally, the test antigen-binding protein is present in excess. Antibodies identified by the competition assay (competitor antibodies) include antibodies that bind to the same epitope as the reference antibody and / or antibodies that bind to an adjacent epitope close enough to the epitope bound by the reference for hindrance to occur. steric of the antibodies. Additional details regarding procedures for determining competitive binding are described in this invention. Generally, when a competitor antibody protein is present in excess, it will inhibit the specific binding of the reference antibodies to a common antigen by at least 23%, for example 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% , 65%, 70% or 75%]]. In some cases, the binding is inhibited by at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96% or 97%, 98%, 99% or more.
[0279] The term "anti-beta klotho antibody" or "an antibody that binds to beta klotho" includes an antibody that is capable of binding beta klotho with sufficient affinity that the antibody is useful as a diagnostic and / or therapeutic agent for head to beta klotho. Preferably, the degree of binding of an anti-beta klotho antibody to an unrelated non-beta-klotho protein is less than about 10% of the binding of the antibody to beta klotho as measured, for example, by sorting of cells activated by fluorescence (FACS) or an immunoassay such as a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Illustrated above is an antibody that "specifically binds to" or is "specific for" beta klotho. An antibody that binds beta klotho, as defined in the claims, has a dissociation constant (Kd) less than or equal to 10 nM, 9 nM, 8 nM, 7 nM, 6 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 0 , 9 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.7 nM, 0.6 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 0.3 nM, 0.2 nM, or 0.1 nM and / or is greater than or equal to 0.1 nM. In certain embodiments, the anti-beta klotho antibody binds to a beta klotho epitope that is conserved among beta klotho from different species ( eg, between human beta klotho and cyno).
[0281] An "isolated" antibody is substantially free of cellular material or other contaminating proteins from the cellular or tissue source and / or other contaminating components from which the antibody is derived, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized. The term "substantially free of cellular material" includes preparations of an antibody in which the antibody is separated from the cellular components of the cells from which it is isolated or produced recombinantly. Therefore, an antibody that is substantially free of cellular material includes antibody preparations that have less than about 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1% (by dry weight) protein. heterologous (also referred to in this invention as "contaminating protein"). In certain embodiments, when the antibody is produced recombinantly, it is substantially free of culture medium, for example, the culture medium represents less than about 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the volume of protein preparation. In certain embodiments, when the antibody is produced by chemical synthesis, it is substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals, for example, it is separate from chemical precursors or other chemicals that are involved in protein synthesis. Consequently, such antibody preparations have less than about 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1% (by dry weight) of chemical precursors or compounds other than the antibody of interest. Contaminant components can also include, but are not limited to, materials that could interfere with the therapeutic uses of the antibody and can include enzymes, hormones, and other protein or non-protein solutes. In certain embodiments, the antibody will be purified (1) to greater than 95% by weight of antibody as determined by the method of Lowry (Lowry et al. J. Bio. Chem.
[0282] 193: 265-275, 1951), such as 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, by weight, (2) to an extent sufficient to obtain at least 15 N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence residues by the use of a spinning cup sequencer, or (3) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under reducing or non-reducing conditions using Coomassie blue or, preferably, silver staining. Isolated antibody includes antibody in situ within recombinant cells since at least one component of the antibody's natural environment will not be present. Generally, however, the isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step. In specific embodiments, the antibodies provided in this invention are isolated.
[0284] A 4-chain antibody unit is a heterotetrameric glycoprotein composed of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains. In the case of IgGs, the 4-chain unit is generally about 150,000 daltons. Each L chain is linked to an H chain by a covalent disulfide bond, while the two H chains are linked to each other by one or more disulfide bonds depending on the isotype of the H chain. Each H and L chain also regularly has intrachain disulfide bridges. spaced. Each H chain has at the N end, a variable domain (VH) followed by three constant domains (CH) for each of the a and y chains and four CH domains for the p and £ isotypes. Each L chain has at the N end a variable domain (VL) followed by a constant domain (CL) at its other end. The VL is aligned with the VH and the CL is aligned with the first constant domain of the heavy chain (CH1). Particular amino acid residues are believed to form an interface between the heavy chain and light chain variable domains. The pairing of a VH and VL forms a single antigen-binding site. For the structure and properties of the different classes of antibodies, see, for example, Basic and Clinical Immunology, 8th edition, Daniel P. Stites, Abba I. Terr and Tristram G. Parslow (eds.), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk , CT, 1994, page 71 and chapter 6.
[0286] The term "variable region" or "variable domain" refers to a portion of the light or heavy chains of an antibody that is generally found at the amino terminus of the light or heavy chain and is about 120 to 130 amino acids in length. in the heavy chain and approximately 100 to 110 amino acids in the light chain, and are used in the binding and specificity of each particular antibody for its particular antigen. The variable region of the heavy chain may be referred to as "VH". The variable region of the light chain may be referred to as "VL". The term "variable" refers to the fact that certain segments of the variable regions differ widely in sequence between antibodies. The V region mediates antigen binding and defines the specificity of a particular antibody for its particular antigen. However, the variability is not uniformly distributed throughout the 110 amino acid range of the variable regions. Instead, the V regions consist of less variable ( e.g. , relatively unchanging) stretches called framework regions (FRs) of about 15-30 amino acids separated by shorter regions of greater variability ( e.g., variability. extreme) called "hypervariable regions" that are each about 9-12 amino acids long. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains each comprise four FRs, largely adopting a p-sheet configuration, connected by three hypervariable regions, forming loops that connect and, in some cases, are part of the sheet structure. p. The hypervariable regions on each chain are held together in close proximity by the FRs and, with the hypervariable regions on the other chain, contribute to the formation of the antigen-binding site of the antibodies (see, for example, Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1991)). Constant regions are not directly involved in the binding of an antibody to an antigen, but show various effector functions, such as the antibody's involvement in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Variable regions differ widely in sequence between different antibodies. The variability in the sequence is concentrated in the CDRs, while the less variable portions in the variable region are called framework regions (FR). The CDRs of the heavy and light chains are mainly responsible for the interaction of the antibody with the antigen. In specific embodiments, the variable region is a human variable region.
[0288] The term "variable region residue numbering as in Kabat" or "amino acid position numbering as in Kabat", and its variations, refers to the numbering system used for variable regions of the heavy chain or variable regions of the light chain. from the Antibody Compilation in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991). Using this numbering system, the actual linear amino acid sequence can contain fewer or more amino acids corresponding to a shortening or insertion in a FR or CDR of the variable domain. For example, a heavy chain variable domain can include a single amino acid insert (Kabat residue 52a) after H2 residue 52 and inserted residues ( e.g. Kabat residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc.) after heavy chain FR residue 82. Kabat residue numbering can be determined for a given antibody by aligning regions of homology of the antibody sequence with a "standard" Kabat numbering sequence. The Kabat numbering system is generally used when referring to a residue in the variable domain (approximately residues 1-107 of the light chain and residues 1-113 of the chain heavy) ( eg, Kabat et al., Sequences of Immunological Interest. 5th ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 1991)). The "EU numbering system" or "EU index" is generally used when referring to a residue in a constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain ( eg, the EU index reported in Kabat et al. , supra). The "EU as in Kabat index" refers to the residue numbering of the human IgG 1 EU antibody. Other numbering systems have been described, including, for example, AbM, Chothia, Contact, IMGT, and Ahon. Various number systems are illustrated in Figures 1-3.
[0290] An "intact" antibody is one that comprises an antigen-binding site, as well as a CL and at least the heavy chain constant regions, CH1, CH2, and CH3. Constant regions can include human constant regions or amino acid sequence variants thereof. Preferably, an intact antibody has one or more effector functions.
[0292] "Antibody fragments" comprise a portion of an intact antibody, preferably the variable or antigen-binding region of the intact antibody. Examples of antibody fragments include, without limitation, Fab, Fab ', F (ab') 2, and Fv fragments; diabodies and di-diabodies (see, for example, Holliger, P. et al., (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90: 6444-8; Lu, D. et al., (2005) J. Biol Chem. 280: 19665-72; Hudson et al., Nat. Med. 9: 129-134 (2003); WO 93/11161; and US Patent Nos. 5,837,242 and 6,492 .123); single chain antibody molecules (see, for example, US Patent Nos. 4,946,778; 5,260,203; 5,482,858 and 5,476,786); dual variable domain antibodies (see, eg, US Patent No. 7,612,181); single variable domain antibodies (sdAbs) (see, for example, Woolven et al, Immunogenetics 50: 98-101, 1999; Streltsov et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 12444-12449, 2004); and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
[0294] A "functional fragment" or "binding fragment" or "antigen-binding fragment" of a therapeutic antibody will show at least one, if not some or all of the biological functions attributed to the intact antibody, the function comprising at least binding to the antigen target, ( eg, a beta klotho-binding fragment or a beta klotho-binding fragment).
[0296] The term "fusion protein", as used in this invention, refers to a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence of an antibody and an amino acid sequence of a heterologous polypeptide or protein ( eg, a polypeptide or protein that normally they are not part of the antibody ( eg, a non-anti-beta klotho antigen-binding antibody)). The term "fusion" when used in connection with beta klotho or with an anti-beta klotho antibody refers to the binding of a peptide or polypeptide, or fragment, variant and / or derivative thereof, with a heterologous peptide or polypeptide. In certain embodiments, the fusion protein retains the biological activity of the beta klotho or anti-beta klotho antibody. The fusion protein comprises a VH region of the beta klotho antibody, the VL region, VH CDR (three VH CDRs), and / or VL CDR (three VL CDRs), as defined in the claims where the fusion protein binds to a beta klotho epitope, a beta klotho fragment and / or a beta klotho polypeptide.
[0298] The term "heavy chain" when used in reference to an antibody refers to a polypeptide chain of approximately 50-70 kDa, where the amino-terminal portion includes a variable region of approximately 120 to 130 or more amino acids and a carboxylic portion. terminal that includes a constant region. The constant region can be one of five different types, ( for example, isotypes) called alpha ( a), delta (ó), epsilon (e), gamma (y), and mu (p), based on the amino acid sequence of the constant region of the heavy chain. The different heavy chains differ in size: a, or yy contain approximately 450 amino acids, while p and e contain approximately 550 amino acids. When combined with a light chain, these different types of heavy chains give rise to five well-known classes ( e.g. isotypes) of antibodies, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, respectively, which include four subclasses of IgG, that is ie IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. A heavy chain can be a human heavy chain.
[0300] The term "light chain" when used in reference to an antibody refers to a polypeptide chain of about 25 kDa, where the amino-terminal portion includes a variable region of about 100 to about 110 or more amino acids and a carboxy-terminal portion. which includes a constant region. The approximate length of a light chain is between 211 to 217 amino acids. There are two distinct types, called lambda (A) kappa (k) based on the amino acid sequence of the constant domains. Light chain amino acid sequences are well known in the art. A light chain can be a human light chain.
[0301] The term "host" as used in this invention refers to an animal, such as a mammal ( eg, a human).
[0302] The term "host cell" as used in this invention refers to a particular subject cell that can be transfected with a nucleic acid molecule and the progeny or potential progeny of such cell. The progeny of such a cell may not be identical to the stem cell transfected with the nucleic acid molecule due to mutations or environmental influences that may occur in successive generations or the integration of the nucleic acid molecule into the genome of the host cell.
[0304] The term "monoclonal antibody" as used in this invention refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, for example, the individual antibodies that comprise the population are identical, except for possible natural mutations that may be present in smaller amounts, and each monoclonal antibody will typically recognize a single epitope on the antigen. In specific embodiments, a "monoclonal antibody", as used in this invention, is an antibody produced by a single hybridoma or other cell, where the antibody binds only to a beta klotho epitope as determined, for example, by ELISA or another antigen binding or competitive binding assay known in the art. The term "monoclonal" is not limited to any particular procedure for making the antibody. For example, the monoclonal antibodies useful in the present disclosure can be prepared by the hybridoma methodology first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256: 495 (1975), or they can be made using recombinant DNA procedures in bacterial cells, eukaryotic animals or plants (see, for example, US Patent No. 4,816,567). "Monoclonal antibodies" can also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in (1991) Clackson et al., Nature 352: 624-628 and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-597 (1991), for example. Other procedures for the preparation of clonal cell lines and monoclonal antibodies expressed in this way are well known in the art (see, for example, Chapter 11 in: Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, (2002) 5th ed., Ausubel et al., eds, John Wiley and Sons, New York). Exemplary monoclonal antibody production procedures are provided in the examples of this invention.
[0306] The term "native" when used in relation to biological materials such as nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, host cells, and the like, refers to those that are found in nature and are not manipulated, modified and / or changed ( for example, isolated, purified, selected) by a human being.
[0307] Antibodies provided in this invention may include "chimeric" antibodies in which a portion of the heavy and / or light chain is identical or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a class or subclass of antibody. while the rest of the chain (s) is identical or homologous to the corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another species or belonging to another class or subclass of antibodies, as well as fragments of said antibodies, provided that show the desired biological activity (see, US Patent No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 6851-6855 (1984)) .
[0309] "Humanized" forms of non-human ( eg , murine) antibodies are chimeric antibodies that include human immunoglobulins ( eg, receptor antibody) in which the native CDR residues are replaced by residues from the corresponding non-species CDR. human ( eg, donor antibody) such as mouse, rat, rabbit, or non-human primate having the desired specificity, affinity, and capacity. In some aspects, one or more residues in the f R region of human immunoglobulin are replaced by the corresponding non-human residues. Furthermore, humanized antibodies can comprise residues that are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. These modifications are made to further refine the performance of the antibody. A humanized antibody heavy or light chain may comprise substantially all of at least one or more variable regions, wherein all or substantially all of the CDRs correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FRs are those of a sequence. of human immunoglobulin. In certain embodiments, the humanized antibody will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin. For more details, see, Jones et al., Nature, 321: 522-525 (1986); Riechmann et al., Nature, 332: 323-329 (1988); and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 2: 593-596 (1992); Carter et al., Proc. Natl. Acd. Sci. USA 89: 4285-4289 (1992); and US Patent No.: 6,800,738 (issued October 5, 2004), 6,719,971 (issued September 27, 2005), 6,639,055 (issued October 28, 2003 ), 6,407,213 (issued June 18, 2002), and 6,054,297 (issued April 25, 2000).
[0311] A "human antibody" is one that possesses an amino acid sequence corresponding to that of an antibody produced by a human and / or has been manufactured using any of the techniques for making human antibodies as described in this invention. This definition of a human antibody specifically excludes a humanized antibody that comprises non-human antigen-binding residues. Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art, including phage display libraries (Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. , 222: 581 (1991) and yeast display libraries (Chao col., Nature Protocols 1: 755-768 (2006)). They are also available for the preparation of human monoclonal antibodies the procedures described in Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985); Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147 (1): 86-95 (1991). See also van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol 5, 368-74 (2001). Human antibodies can be prepared by administering the antigen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce such antibodies in response to antigen challenge, but whose endogenous loci have been inactivated, eg, mice (see, eg, Jakobovits, A., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1995, 6 (5): 561-6; Brüggemann and Taussing, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1997, 8 (4): 455-8; and US Patent Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584 regarding XENOMOUSE ™ technology). See also, for example, Li et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 3557-3562 (2006) regarding human antibodies generated by human B-cell hybridoma technology.
[0313] A "CDR" refers to one of the three hypervariable regions (H1, H2 or H3) within the non-structure region of the immunoglobulin p VH sheet structure (Ig or antibody), or one of the three hypervariable regions (L1, L2 or L3) within the non-structure region of the p VL sheet structure of the antibody. Consequently, CDRs are variable region sequences interspersed within framework region sequences. CDR regions are well known to those skilled in the art and have been defined, for example, by Kabat as the regions of greatest hypervariability within the variable (V) domains of antibodies (Kabat et al., J. Biol. Chem. 252: 6609-6616 (1977); Kabat, Adv. Prot. Chem. 32: 1-75 (1978)). The sequences of the CDR region have also been structurally defined by Chothia as those residues that are not part of the conserved p-sheet structure, and therefore can adapt different conformations (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987)). Both terminologies are well recognized in the art. The sequences of the CDR region have also been defined by AbM, Contact and IMGT. The sequences of the CDR region are illustrated in Figures 1-3. The positions of CDRs within a canonical antibody variable region have been determined by comparing numerous structures (Al-Lazikani et al., J. Mol. Biol. 273: 927-948 (1997); Morea et al., Methods 20: 267-279 (2000)). Because the number of residues within a hypervariable region varies in different antibodies, additional residues relative to canonical positions are conventionally numbered a, b, c, and so on together with the residue number in the variable region numbering scheme. canonical (Al-Lazikani et al., supra (1997)). Those skilled in the art are similarly familiar with this nomenclature.
[0315] The term "hypervariable region", "HVR" or "HV", when used in this invention, refers to regions of an antibody variable region that are hypervariable in sequence and / or form structurally defined loops. Generally, antibodies comprise six hypervariable regions; three in the VH (H1, H2, H3) and three in the VL (L1, L2, L3). Various hypervariable region delineations are in use and are encompassed in this invention. The Kabat Complementarity Determining Regions (CDR) are based on sequence variability and are the most commonly used (see, for example, Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. 1991)). Chothia refers instead to the location of structural loops (see, for example, Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987)). The end of the Chothia CDR-H1 loop, when enumerated using the Kabat numbering convention, varies between H32 and H34 depending on the length of the loop (this is because the Kabat numbering scheme places the inserts in H35A and H35B; if none of 35A and 35B are present, the loop ends at 32; if only 35A is present, the loop ends at 33; if both 35A and 35B are present, the loop ends at 34). AbM hypervariable regions represent a compromise between Kabat CDRs and Chothia structural loops, and are used by Oxford Molecular's AbM antibody modeling software (see, for example, Martin, in Antibody Engineering, vol. 2, Chapter 3, Springer Verlag). The hypervariable regions of "contact" are based on an analysis of the complex crystal structures available. The residues of each of these hypervariable regions or CDRs are listed below.
[0317] Recently, a universal numbering system has been developed and widely adopted, (ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) Information System® (Lafranc et al., Dev. (Comp. Immunol. 27 (1): 55-77 (2003)). IMGT en an integrated information system specialized in immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of humans and other vertebrates. In this invention, reference is made to CDRs in terms of amino acid sequence and location within the heavy or light chain. As the "location" of CDRs within the immunoglobulin variable domain structure is conserved between species and is present in structures called loops, through the use of numbering systems that align variable domain sequences based on structural features, CDRs, and structure residues and are easily identified. This information can be used to graft and replace r the CDR residues of the immunoglobulins of a species in an acceptor framework of, typically, a human antibody. An additional numbering system (Ahon) has been developed by Honegger and Plückthun, J. Mol. Biol. 309: 657-670 (2001). The correspondence between the numbering system, including, for example, the Kabat numbering and the IMGT unique numbering system, is well known to one of ordinary skill in the art (see, for example, Kabat, supra; Chothia and Lesk, supra; Martín, supra; Lefranc et al., Supra) and is also illustrated in Figures 1-3. An exemplary system, shown in this invention, combines Kabat and Chothia.
[0320] Hypervariable regions can comprise "extended hypervariable regions" as follows: 24-36 or 24-34 (L1), 46-56 or 50-56 (L2) and 89-97 or 89-96 (L3) in the VL and 26 -35 or 26-35A (H1), 50-65 or 49-65 (H2) and 93-102, 94-102, or 95-102 (H3) in the VH. As used in this invention, the terms "HVR" and "CDR" are used interchangeably.
[0322] The term "constant region" or "constant domain" refers to a carboxy terminal portion of the heavy and light chain that is not directly involved in the binding of the antibody to the antigen, but exhibits various effector functions, such as interaction with the receptor. Fc. The terms refer to the portion of an immunoglobulin molecule that has a more conserved amino acid sequence relative to the other portion of the immunoglobulin, the variable region, that contains the antigen-binding site. The constant region can contain the heavy chain CH1, CH2 and CH3 regions and the light chain CL region.
[0324] The term "structure" or "FR" residues are those residues of the variable region that flank the CDRs. FR residues are present, for example, in chimeric, humanized, human, domain, diabodies, linear antibodies, and bispecific antibodies. FR residues are those variable domain residues other than hypervariable region residues or CDR residues.
[0326] An "affinity matured" antibody is one with one or more alterations ( eg, amino acid sequence variations, including changes, additions, and / or deletions) in one or more HVRs thereof that result in an improvement in the affinity of the antibody for the antigen, as compared to a parent antibody that does not possess these alterations Preferred affinity matured antibodies will have nanomolar or even picomolar affinities for the target antigen Affinity matured antibodies are produced by procedures known in the art. For a review, see Hudson and Souriau, Nature Medicine 9: 129-134 (2003); Hoogenboom, Nature Biotechnol. 23: 1105-1116 (2005); Quiroz and Sinclair, Journal of Biomedia Engineering 4: 39-51 (2010).
[0328] A "blocking" antibody or an "antagonist" antibody is one that inhibits or reduces the biological activity of the antigen to which it binds. For example, blocking antibodies or antagonistic antibodies can substantially or completely inhibit the biological activity of the antigen.
[0330] An "agonist antibody" is an antibody that elicits a response, eg, one that mimics at least one of the functional activities of a polypeptide of interest ( eg, FGF19 or FGF21). An agonist antibody includes an antibody that is a ligand mimetic, for example, where a ligand binds to a cell surface receptor and the binding induces cell signaling or activities through an intercellular cell signaling pathway and where the antibody induces a similar cellular signaling or activation.
[0332] A beta klotho "agonist" refers to a molecule that is capable of activating or otherwise increasing one or more of the biological activities of beta klotho, such as in a cell expressing beta klotho and an FGF receptor. An antibody of the invention may act, for example, by activating or otherwise enhancing the activation and / or cell signaling pathways of a cell expressing a beta klotho protein and a FGF receptor, thereby increasing a beta-mediated biological activity. klotho of the cell in relation to the biological activity mediated by beta klotho in the absence of agonist. The antibodies of the invention are agonist anti-beta klotho antibodies, including antibodies that induce FGF19-like signaling and / or FGF21-like signaling.
[0334] "Binding affinity" generally refers to the strength of the sum total of non-covalent interactions between a single binding site on a molecule ( eg, a binding protein such as an antibody) and its binding partner ( eg ., an antigen). Unless otherwise indicated, as used in this invention, "binding affinity" refers to the intrinsic binding affinity that reflects a 1: 1 interaction between members of a binding pair ( eg , antibody and antigen). . The affinity of an X-binding molecule for its Y-binding partner can generally be represented by the dissociation constant (KD). Affinity can be measured using common procedures known in the art, including those described in this invention. Low antibodies Affinity generally bind to antigen slowly and tend to dissociate easily, whereas high-affinity antibodies generally bind to antigen more quickly and tend to remain attached longer. Various methods for measuring binding affinity are known in the art, any of which can be used for the purposes of the present disclosure. Specific illustrative embodiments include the following. In one embodiment, the "K ^d " or "K ^d value" can be measured by assays known in the art, eg, by a binding assay. K ^d can be measured in a radiolabeled antigen-binding assay (RIA), for example, performed with the Fab version of an antibody of interest and its antigen (Chen, et al., (1999) J. Mol Biol 293: 865-881). The K ^d or K ^d value also can be measured using assays surface plasmon resonance Biacore, using, for example, a BIAcore-2000 or BIAcore-3000 BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, NJ), or by biolayer interferometry using, for example, the OctetQK384 system (ForteBio, Menlo Park, CA). An "association rate" or "association rate" or "association rate" or "k association" can also be determined. with the same surface plasmon resonance or biolayer interferometry techniques described above using, for example, a BIAcoreTM-2000 or a BIAcoreTM-3000 (BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, NJ), or the OctetQK384 system (ForteBio, Menlo Park , CA).
[0336] The phrase "substantially similar" or "substantially the same" denotes a sufficiently high degree of similarity between two numerical values ( eg, one associated with an antibody of the present disclosure and the other associated with a reference antibody) that a skilled person In the matter, I would consider that the difference between the two values has little or no biological and / or statistical significance within the context of the biological characteristic measured by the values ( for example, K ^d values). For example, the difference between the two values may be less than about 50%, less than about 40%, less than about 30%, less than about 20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, depending on the value for the reference antibody.
[0338] The phrase "substantially reduced" or "substantially different", as used in this invention, denotes a sufficiently high degree of difference between two numerical values (eg, one associated with an antibody of the present disclosure and the other associated with an antibody. reference) so that one skilled in the art would consider the difference between the two values to be statistically significant within the context of the biological characteristic measured by the values. For example, the difference between said two values may preferably be greater than about 10%, greater than about 20%, greater than about 30%, greater than about 40%, greater than about 50%, depending on the value for the antibody of reference.
[0339] Antibody "effector functions" refer to those biological activities attributable to the Fc region (eg, a native sequence Fc region or amino acid sequence variant Fc region) of an antibody, and vary with the isotype of the antibody. Examples of effector functions of antibodies include: C1q binding and complement dependent cytotoxicity; binding to the Fc receptor; Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; down-regulation of cell surface receptors ( eg, B cell receptor); and activation of B cells.
[0341] The term "Fc region" in this invention is used to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain, including, for example, native sequence Fc regions, recombinant Fc regions, and variant Fc regions. Although the boundaries of the Fc region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain can vary, the Fc region of the human IgG heavy chain is often defined to extend from an amino acid residue at position Cys226, or from Pro230, to the carboxyl terminus of the human IgG. same. The C-terminal lysine (residue 447 according to the EU numbering system) of the Fc region can be removed, for example, during antibody production or purification, or by recombinant engineering of the nucleic acid encoding an antibody heavy chain . Accordingly, an intact antibody composition may comprise antibody populations with all K447 residues removed, antibody populations without the K447 residues removed, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies with and without the K447 residue.
[0343] A "functional Fc region" possesses an "effector function" of a native sequence Fc region. Exemplary "effector functions" include C1q binding; complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); binding to the Fc receptor; Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; down-regulation of cell surface receptors ( eg , B cell receptor; BCR), etc. Such effector functions generally require that the Fc region be combined with a binding region or binding domain ( eg, an antibody variable region or domain) and can be evaluated using various assays as described.
[0345] A "native sequence Fc region" comprises an amino acid sequence identical to the amino acid sequence of a naturally occurring Fc region, and not manipulated, modified, and / or changed ( eg , isolated, purified, selected, including or is combined with other sequences, such as variable region sequences) by a human. Human native sequence Fc regions include an IgG1 native sequence Fc region human (allotypes not A and A); a native sequence Fc region of human IgG2; a native sequence Fc region of human IgG3; and a native sequence Fc region of human IgG4, as well as natural variants thereof. A variant Fc region "comprises an amino acid sequence that differs from that of a native sequence Fc region by virtue of at least one amino acid modification, ( eg, substitution, addition, or deletion) preferably one or more amino acid substitutions. Preferably , the variant Fc region has at least one amino acid substitution compared to a native sequence Fc region or to the Fc region of a parent polypeptide, for example, from about one to about ten amino acid substitutions, and preferably from about one to approximately five amino acid substitutions in a native sequence Fc region or in the parental polypeptide Fc region. The variant Fc region in this invention will preferably possess at least about 80% homology to a native sequence Fc region and / or to a Fc of a parent polypeptide, and more preferably at least about 90% homology thereto, for example, at least about 95% homology thereto. For example, a variant with two amino acid changes to alanine at two positions in the human IgG1 Fc sequence is shown in bold in the amino acid sequence provided below:
[0347] MHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
[0348] (SEQ ID NO: 316)
[0349] Such a variant sequence can be used in humanized heavy chain constructs as shown below for a humanized 5H23-vH3 (see, for example, Example 7) designated 5H23 (vH3) -hIgG1 (E233A) (L235A) as provided. following; the amino acids that make up the signal sequence are underlined and the variable region sequence is in bold:
[0350] mdmrvpagllgl111wlrqar cQVQLQQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSYDINWVRQA
[0351] LTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
[0352] (SEQ ID NO: 317)
[0353] A "light chain constant region" includes kappa and lambda constant regions. An exemplary kappa constant region is provided below:
[0355] DSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
[0356] (SEQ ID NO: 318)
[0357] Such a kappa constant region sequence can be used in humanized light chain constructs as shown below for a humanized 5H23-vL2 (see, for example, example 7) as provided below; the amino acids that make up the signal sequence are underlined and the sequence of the region variable is in bold:
[0358] mdmrvpagllgl111wlrgar cDIVMTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINCRASKSVSTSGYVYMHWY
[0362] ESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
[0364] (SEQ ID NO: 319)
[0366] The term "variant", when used in connection with beta klotho or an anti-beta klotho antibody can refer to a peptide or polypeptide comprising one or more (such as, for example, from about 1 to about 25, from about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) amino acid sequence substitutions, deletions and / or additions compared to a native or unmodified beta klotho sequence . For example, a beta klotho variant can result from one or more (such as, for example, from about 1 to about 25, from about 1 to about 20, from about 1 to about 15, from about 1 to about 10, or from about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of a native beta klotho. Also by way of example, a variant of an anti-beta klotho antibody may result from one or more (such as, for example, from about 1 to about 25, from about 1 to about 20, from about 1 to about 15, of about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of a native or previously unmodified anti-beta klotho antibody. Variants can be naturally occurring, such as allelic or splicing variants, or they can be artificially constructed. Variants of the polypeptide can be prepared from the corresponding nucleic acid molecules that encode the variants. As described in this invention, the beta klotho variant or the anti-beta klotho antibody variant at least retains the functional activity of beta klotho or anti-beta klotho antibody, respectively. As described in this invention, an anti-beta klotho antibody variant binds beta klotho and / or is antagonist of beta klotho activity. As described in this invention, an anti-beta klotho antibody variant binds beta klotho and / or is an agonist of beta klotho activity. As described in this invention, the variant is encoded by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant of a nucleic acid molecule that encodes VH or VL regions or subregions of beta klotho or anti-beta antibodies. beta klotho, such as one or more CDRs.
[0367] The term "vector" refers to a substance that is used to carry or include a nucleic acid sequence, including, for example, to introduce a nucleic acid sequence into a host cell. Applicable vectors for use include, for example, expression vectors, plasmids, phage vectors, viral vectors, episomes, and artificial chromosomes, which may include selectable sequences or operable markers for stable integration into the chromosome of a host cell. In addition, the vectors can include one or more selectable marker genes and appropriate expression control sequences. Selectable marker genes that can be included, for example, provide resistance to antibiotics or toxins, complement auxotrophic deficiencies, or supply critical nutrients that are not in the culture media. Expression control sequences can include constitutive and inducible promoters, transcription enhancers, transcription terminators, and the like that are well known in the art. When two or more nucleic acid molecules are to be co-expressed ( for example both an antibody heavy and light chain and an antibody VH and VL) both nucleic acid molecules can be inserted, for example, into a single expression vector or into separate expression vectors. For single vector expression, the encoding nucleic acids can be operably linked to a common expression control sequence or to different expression control sequences, such as an inducible promoter and a constitutive promoter. The introduction of nucleic acid molecules into a host cell can be confirmed using procedures well known in the art. Such procedures include, for example, nucleic acid analysis such as Northern blots or mRNA amplification polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or immunoblotting for the expression of gene products, or other suitable analytical procedures to test the expression of a introduced nucleic acid sequence or its corresponding gene product. Those of skill in the art understand that nucleic acid molecules are expressed in an amount sufficient to produce a desired product ( eg, an anti-beta klotho antibody as described in this invention), and it is further understood that levels of Expression can be optimized for sufficient expression using procedures well known in the art.
[0369] Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity "or" ADCC "refers to a form of cytotoxicity in which secreted Ig is bound to Fc receptors (FcRs) present on certain cytotoxic cells ( eg, natural killer cells (NK, for neutrophils, and macrophages) allows these effector cells to Cytotoxic agents specifically bind to an antigen-bearing target cell and subsequently destroy the target cell with cytotoxins. Antibodies "arm" cytotoxic cells and are absolutely necessary for such destruction. Primary cells to mediate ADCC, NK cells, express only FcyRIII, whereas monocytes express FcyRI, FcyRII and FcyRIII. The expression of FcRs in hematopoietic cells is known (see, for example, Table 3, page 464, Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9: 457-92 (1991)). To assess the ADCC activity of a molecule of interest, an in vitro ADCC assay can be performed, (see, for example, US Patent No. 5,500,362 or 5,821,337). Useful effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and natural killer cells (NK). Alternatively, or in addition, the ADCC activity of the molecule of interest can be evaluated in in vivo, eg, in an animal model ( see, eg, Clynes et al. (USA) 95: 652-656 (1998)) Antibodies with little or no ADCC activity can be selected for use.
[0371] "Fc receptor" or "FcR" describes a receptor that binds to the Fc region of an antibody. The preferred FcR is a native sequence human FcR. Furthermore, a preferred FcR is one that binds to an IgG antibody ( eg, a gamma receptor) and includes receptors of the FcyRI, FcyRII and FcyRIII subclasses, including allelic variants and alternatively splicing forms of these receptors. FcyRII receptors include FcyRIIA (an "activating receptor") and FcyRIIB (an "inhibiting receptor"), which have similar amino acid sequences that differ primarily in the cytoplasmic domains thereof (see, for example, the review Daeron, Annu Rev Immunol 15: 203-234 (1997)). FcRs are known (see, for example, Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9: 457-492 (1991); Capel et al., Immunomethods 4: 25-34 (1994); and Haas et al. ., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 126: 330-41 (1995)). Other FcRs, including those to be identified in the future, are included in the term "FcR" in this invention. The term also includes the neonatal receptor, FcRn, which is responsible for the transfer of maternal IgG to the fetus (see, for example, Guyer et al., J. Immunol. 117: 587 (1976) and Kim et al., J Immunol. 24: 249 (1994)). Antibody variants with enhanced or decreased FcR binding have been described (see, for example, WO 2000/42072; US Patent Nos. 7,183,387, 7,332,581, and 7,335,742; Shields et al J. Biol. Chem. 9 (2): 6591-6604 (2001)).
[0373] "Complement dependent cytotoxicity" or "CDC" refers to the lysis of a target cell in the presence of complement. Activation of the classical complement pathway is initiated by the binding of the first component of the complement system (C1q) to antibodies (of the appropriate subclass) that are bound to its cognate antigen. To assess complement activation, a CDC assay can be performed (see, eg, Gazzano-Santoro et al., J. Immunol. Methods 202: 163 (1996)). Polypeptide variants with altered Fc region amino acid sequences (polypeptides with a variant Fc region) and increased or decreased C1q binding capacity have been described (see, for example, US Pat. 6,194,551, WO 1999/51642, Idusogie et al. J. Immunol. 164: 4178-4184 (2000)). Antibodies with little or no CDC activity can be selected for use.
[0375] An "extracellular domain" or "ECD" of beta klotho polypeptide refers to a form of beta klotho polypeptide that is essentially free of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. For example, a beta klotho polypeptide ECD may have less than 1% of such transmembrane and / or cytoplasmic domains, and preferably may have less than 0.5% of such domains. The term "identity" refers to a relationship between the sequences of two or more polypeptide molecules or two or more nucleic acid molecules, as determined by aligning and comparing the sequences. "Percent identity" means the percentage of identical residues between amino acids or nucleotides in the compared molecules and is calculated based on the size of the smallest of the compared molecules. For these calculations, the gaps in the alignments (if any) must be dealt with by a mathematical procedure or computer program ( eg, an "algorithm"). Procedures that can be used to calculate the identity of aligned nucleic acids or polypeptides include those described in Computational Molecular Biology, (Lesk, AM, ed.), (1988) New York: Oxford University Press; Biocomputing Informatics and Genome Projects, (Smith, DW, ed.), 1993, New York: Academic Press; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, (Griffin, Am, and Griffin, HG, eds.), 1994, New Jersey: Human Press; von Heinje, G., (1987) Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, New York: Academic Press; Sequence Analysis Primer, (Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds.), 1991, New York: M. Stockton Press; and Carillo et al., (1988) SIAM J. Applied Math. 48: 1073.
[0377] By calculating percent identity, the sequences being compared can be aligned in a way that provides the highest match between the sequences. A computer program can be used to determine percent identity in the GCG program package, which includes GAP (Devereux et al., (1984) Nucl. Acid Res.
[0378] 12: 387; Genetics Computer Group, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.). The GAP computer algorithm is used to align the two polypeptides or polynucleotides for which percent sequence identity will be determined. Sequences can be aligned for optimal matching of their respective amino acids or nucleotides (the "paired range", as determined by the algorithm). A gap opening penalty (calculated as 3 times the average diagonal, where the "average diagonal" is the average of the diagonal of the comparison matrix being used; the "diagonal" is the score or number assigned to each amino acid perfect match by the particular comparison matrix) and a gap extension penalty (which is usually 1/10 times the gap opening penalty), as well as a comparison matrix such as PAM 250 or BLOSUM 62 is used in conjunction with the algorithm. In certain embodiments, the algorithm also uses a standard comparison matrix (see, Dayhoff et al., (1978) Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure 5: 345-352 for the PAM 250 comparison matrix; Henikoff et al., (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 10915-10919 for comparison matrix BLOSUM 62).
[0380] Exemplary parameters for determining percent identity for polypeptides or nucleotide sequences using the GAP program are as follows: (i) algorithm: Needleman et al., 1970, J. Mol. Biol. 48: 443-453; (ii) comparison matrix: BLOSUM 62 from Henikoff et al., 1992, supra; (iii) gap penalty: 12 (but no final gap penalty) (iv) gap length penalty: 4; and (v) similarity threshold: 0.
[0382] Certain alignment schemes to align two amino acid sequences can result in only a short region of the two sequences being paired, and this small aligned region can have very high sequence identity even though there is no significant relationship between the two sequences of full length. Accordingly, the selected alignment procedure ( eg, the GAP program) can be adjusted if desired to result in an alignment that spans several amino acids, eg, at least 50 contiguous amino acids of the target polypeptide.
[0384] The "percent (%) amino acid sequence identity" to a reference polypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical to amino acid residues in the reference polypeptide sequence. , after aligning the sequences and inserting gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and without considering any conservative substitution as part of sequence identity. Alignment for the purpose of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways known to those of skill in the art, for example, through the use of publicly available computer software, such as BLAST software, BLAST-2 , ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR). Those skilled in the art can determine the appropriate parameters to align the sequences, including any algorithms necessary to achieve maximum alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
[0386] A "modification" of an amino acid residue / position refers to a change in a primary amino acid sequence compared to an initial amino acid sequence, where the change results from a sequence alteration involving said amino acid residues / positions. For example, typical modifications include the substitution of another amino acid for the residue ( eg , a conservative or non-conservative substitution), the insertion of one or more ( eg , generally less than 5, 4, or 3) amino acids adjacent to said a said residue / position and / or the deletion of said residue / position.
[0388] An "epitope" is the site on the surface of an antigen molecule to which a single antibody molecule binds, such as a region located on the surface of an antigen, such as a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of beta polypeptide klotho or a klotho beta epitope, which is capable of binding to one or more antigen-binding regions of an antibody, and which has antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal, such as a mammal ( eg, a human), which it is capable of provoking an immune response. An epitope having immunogenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide that elicits an antibody response in an animal. An epitope having antigenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide to which an antibody binds as determined by any method well known in the art, including, for example, an immunological assay. The antigenic epitopes need not necessarily be immunogenic. Epitopes often consist of groupings of chemically active surface molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics as well as specific charge characteristics. The term "epitope" specifically includes linear epitopes and conformational epitopes. A region of a polypeptide that contributes to an epitope can be contiguous amino acids of the polypeptide or the epitope can be linked from two or more non-contiguous regions of the polypeptide. The epitope may or may not be a feature of the three-dimensional surface of the antigen. A beta klotho epitope can be a feature of the three-dimensional surface of a beta klotho polypeptide. Alternatively, a beta klotho epitope can be a linear feature of a beta klotho polypeptide. An antigen generally has several or many different epitopes and can react with many different antibodies.
[0390] An antibody binds to "an epitope" or "essentially the same epitope" or "the same epitope" as a reference antibody, when the two antibodies recognize identical, overlapping, or adjacent epitopes in three-dimensional space. The most widely used and rapid procedures for determining whether two antibodies bind to identical, overlapping, or adjacent epitopes in three-dimensional space are competition assays, which they can be configured in a number of different formats, for example, using labeled antigen or labeled antibody. In some assays, the antigen is immobilized on a 96-well plate, or expressed on a cell surface, and the ability of unlabeled antibodies to block the binding of labeled antibodies is measured using radioactive, fluorescent, or enzymatic markers.
[0392] "Epitope mapping" is the procedure of identifying the binding sites, or epitopes, of antibodies on their target antigens. Antibody epitopes can be linear epitopes or conformational epitopes. Linear epitopes are made up of a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein. Conformational epitopes are made up of amino acids that are discontinuous in the protein sequence, but which join after the protein is folded into its three-dimensional structure. Induced epitopes are formed when the three-dimensional structure of the protein is in altered confirmation, such as after activation or binding of another protein or ligand ( for example, the binding of beta klotho to an FCF receptor such as FGRFR1c , FGFR2c, FGFR3c, or FGFR4c.
[0393] "Epitope binding" is the process of grouping antibodies based on the epitopes they recognize. More particularly, epitope binding comprises methods and systems for discriminating the epitope recognition properties of different antibodies, using competition assays combined with computational procedures to pool antibodies based on their epitope recognition properties and identify antibodies that have binding specificities. different.
[0395] A "beta klotho-mediated disease" and a "beta klotho-mediated disorder" and a "beta klotho-mediated condition" are used interchangeably and refer to any disease, disorder, or condition that is wholly or partially caused by or is the result of of beta klotho or the interaction of a beta klotho with an FGF receptor such as FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, or FGFR4 and / or alternatively any disease, disorder or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or enhance the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21.
[0397] The term "therapeutically effective amount", as used in this invention, refers to the amount of an agent ( eg, an antibody described in this invention or any other agent described in this invention) that is sufficient to reduce and / or improve the severity and / or duration of a given disease, disorder or condition, and / or a symptom related thereto. A therapeutically effective amount of an agent, including a therapeutic agent, may be an amount necessary to (i) reduce or ameliorate the advancement or progression of a given disease, disorder, or condition, (ii) reduce or ameliorate recurrence, development or initiation of a given disease, disorder or conditions, and / or (iii) ameliorating or enhancing the prophylactic or therapeutic effect of another therapy ( eg, a therapy other than the administration of an antibody provided in this invention). A "therapeutically effective amount" of a substance / molecule / agent of the present disclosure ( eg, an anti-beta klotho antibody) can vary depending on factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual. , and the ability of the substance / molecule / agent, to elicit a desired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective amount encompasses an amount in which any harmful or toxic effects of the substance / molecule / agent are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects. The term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount of an antibody or other agent ( eg, a drug) effective to "treat" a disease, disorder, or condition in a subject or mammal.
[0399] An "effective amount" is generally an amount sufficient to reduce the severity and / or frequency of symptoms, eliminate symptoms and / or the underlying cause, prevent the onset of symptoms and / or their underlying cause, and / or improve or remedy damage that results from or is associated with a disease, disorder, or condition, including, for example, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, or generally any disease, disorder, or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or increase the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21. In some embodiments, the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount. A "therapeutically effective amount" is an amount sufficient to remedy a disease, disorder, or condition ( eg , type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, or generally any disease, disorder or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or enhance the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21) or the symptoms, particularly of a disease, disorder, or condition, or the symptoms associated with such disease, disorder or condition, or otherwise prevent, prevent , delay or reverse the progression of the disease, disorder or condition, or any other undesirable symptom associated with such disease, disorder or condition, in any way whatsoever. A "prophylactically effective amount" is an amount of a pharmaceutical composition which, when administered to a subject, will have the prophylactic effect intended, for example, to prevent or delay the onset (or recurrence) of diabetes, obesity, or dyslipidemia, or reduce the probability of the onset (or recurrence) of a disease, disorder or condition or associated symptom (s), including, for example, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome or, in general, any disease, disorder, or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or enhance the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21) or associated symptoms. The full therapeutic or prophylactic effect does not necessarily occur by administering one dose, and may only occur after administering a series of doses.
[0400] Therefore, a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations.
[0402] A "prophylactically effective amount" refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for the periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired prophylactic result. Typically, but not necessarily, since a prophylactic dose is used in subjects before or at an earlier stage of a disease, disorder, or condition, a prophylactically effective amount may be less than a therapeutically effective amount.
[0403] "Chronic" administration refers to the administration of the agent (s) in a continuous mode ( eg, over a period of time, such as days, weeks, months, or years) rather than in an acute mode, in order to maintain the initial therapeutic effect (activity) for a prolonged period of time. The "intermittent" administration is a treatment that is not carried out consecutively without interruption, but is cyclical in nature.
[0405] Administration "in combination with" one or more additional therapeutic agents includes simultaneous ( eg, concurrent) and consecutive administration in any order. The term "in combination" in the context of the administration of other therapies ( eg, other agents) includes the use of more than one therapy ( eg, one agent). The use of the term "in combination" does not restrict the order in which the therapies are administered to a subject. A first therapy ( for example, an agent) can be given before ( for example, 1 minute, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours , 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks or 12 weeks), simultaneously or after ( for example, 1 minute, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, or 12 weeks) of the administration of a second therapy ( eg , an agent) to a subject who had, has, or is susceptible to beta klotho-mediated disease.
[0407] Any additional therapy ( eg, an agent) can be administered in any order with the other additional therapies ( eg, agents). In certain embodiments, the antibodies can be administered in combination with one or more therapies, such as agents ( eg, therapies, including agents, that are not currently administered antibodies) to prevent, treat, manage, and / or ameliorate. a disease mediated by beta klotho. Examples of non-limiting therapies ( eg, agents) that can be administered in combination with an antibody include, for example, analgesic agents, anesthetic agents, antibiotics, or immunomodulatory agents or any other agent listed in the US Pharmacopoeia. .and / or the physician's desk reference. Examples of agents useful in combination therapy include, but are not limited to, the following: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and other propionic acid derivatives (alminoprofen, benoxaprofen, bucoloxic acid, carprofen, fenbufen, fenoprofen, fluprofen, flurbiprofen, indoprofen, ketoprofen, miroprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, pyrprofen, pranoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid, and thioxaprofen (acetate, alkalophene derivatives) , fenclofenac, phenclózic acid, fenthiaza, fuirofenac, ibufenac, isoxepac, oxpinac, sulindac, thiopinac, tolmetin, zidomethacin and zomepirac), derivatives of fenamic acid (flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, derivatives of thifluumic acid) and biphenylcarboxylic acid (diflunisal and flufenisal) oxicams (isoxicam, piroxicam, sudoxicam and tenoxican), salicylates (acid a cetylsalicylic, sulfasalazine) and pyrazolones (apazone, bezpiperilon, feprazone, mofebutazone, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone). Other combinations include cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Other agents for the combination include steroids such as prednisolone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, or hydrocortisone. Such a combination can be especially advantageous, as one or more steroid side effects can be reduced or even eliminated by gradually decreasing the required steroid dose when treating patients in combination with the present antibodies. Additional examples of agents for combinations include cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs); antibodies or antagonists to other human cytokines or growth factors, eg, TNF, LT, IL-1p, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18 , EMAP-II, GM-CSF, FGF or PDGF. Combinations of agents may include TNF antagonists such as chimeric, humanized, or human TNF antibodies, REMICADE, anti-TNF antibody fragments (eg, CDP870), and soluble p55 or p75 TNF receptors, derived therefrom, p75TNFRIgG (ENBREL®) or p55TNFR1gG (LENERCEPT®), soluble iL-13 receptor (sIL-13) and also TNFa converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors; Similarly, IL-1 inhibitors (eg, interleukin-1 converting enzyme inhibitors) may be effective. Other combinations include interleukin 11, anti-P7, and p-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL). Other examples of agents useful in combination therapy include interferon-p1a (AVONEX); interferonp lb (BETASERON®); copaxone; hyperbaric oxygen; intravenous immunoglobulin; clabribine; and antibodies or antagonists to other human cytokines or growth factors ( eg , antibodies that bind to the CD40 and CD80 ligand).
[0408] "Carriers" as used in this invention include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers that are not toxic to the cell or mammal exposed thereto at the doses and concentrations employed. Often the physiologically acceptable carrier is a pH buffered aqueous solution. Examples of physiologically acceptable carriers include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight polypeptide (( eg, less than about 10 amino acid residues); proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counter ions such as sodium; and / or non-ionic surfactants such as TWEEN ™, polyethylene glycol ( PEG) and PLURONICS ™. The term "vehicle" may also refer to a diluent, adjuvant ( eg, Freund's adjuvant (complete or incomplete)), excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutics is administered. Such vehicles, including vehicles Pharmaceuticals, can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, such as acid. peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, and the like. Water is an exemplary vehicle when a composition ( eg, a pharmaceutical composition) is administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be used as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Suitable excipients ( eg pharmaceutical excipients) include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, skim milk. dry, glycerol, propylene glycol, water, ethanol, and the like. The composition, if desired, may also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH-regulating agents. The compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained release formulations, and the like. Oral compositions, including formulations, can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc. Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1990) Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA. Compositions, including pharmaceuticals, may contain a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of an anti-beta klotho antibody, for example, in isolated or purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier to provide the appropriate form for administration. to the subject ( eg, a patient). The formulation must be adapted to the mode of administration.
[0410] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable", as used in this invention, means approved by a regulatory agency of the federal or state government or listed in the US Pharmacopoeia or other generally recognized European Pharmacopoeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.
[0412] The term "pharmaceutical formulation" refers to a preparation that is in such a form that allows the biological activity of the active ingredient ( for example, an anti-beta klotho antibody) to be effective, and that does not contain additional components that are unacceptably toxic to a subject to whom the formulation would be administered. Such a formulation can be sterile.
[0414] A "sterile" formulation is aseptic or free of all living microorganisms and their spores.
[0416] "Polyclonal antibodies", as used in this invention, refers to a population of antibodies generated in an immunogenic response to a protein that has many epitopes and therefore includes a variety of different antibodies directed to the same and different epitopes within the protein. Procedures for producing polyclonal antibodies are known in the art (see, for example, Chapter 11 in: Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, (2002) 5th ed., Ausubel et al., Eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York) .
[0418] An "isolated nucleic acid" is a nucleic acid, for example, an RNA, DNA, or a mixed polymer, that is substantially separate from other genome DNA sequences as well as proteins or complexes such as ribosomes and polymerases, which naturally accompany to a native sequence. An "isolated" nucleic acid molecule is one that is separate from other nucleic acid molecules that are present in the natural source of the nucleic acid molecule. Furthermore, an "isolated" nucleic acid molecule, such as a cDNA molecule, may be substantially free of other cellular material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when produced. chemically synthesizes. In a specific embodiment, one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding an antibody as described in this invention are isolated or purified. The term encompasses nucleic acid sequences that have been removed from their natural environment, and includes recombinant or cloned DNA isolates and chemically synthesized analogs or analogs biologically synthesized by heterologous systems. A substantially pure molecule can include isolated forms of the molecule.
[0419] "Polynucleotide" or "nucleic acid", as used interchangeably in this invention, refers to polymers of nucleotides of any length and includes DNA and RNA. The nucleotides can be deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified nucleotides or bases and / or their analogs, or any substrate that can be incorporated into a polymer by DNA or RNA polymerase or by a synthetic reaction. A polynucleotide can comprise modified nucleotides, such as methylated nucleotides and their analogues. "Oligonucleotide", as used in this invention, generally refers to short, generally single-stranded, generally synthetic polynucleotides that are generally, but not necessarily, less than about 200 nucleotides in length. The terms "oligonucleotide" and "polynucleotide" are not mutually exclusive. The above description for polynucleotides is equally and fully applicable to oligonucleotides. A cell producing an antibeta klotho antibody of the present disclosure can include a parental hybridoma cell, as well as bacterial and eukaryotic host cells into which the nucleic acid encoding the antibodies has been introduced. Suitable host cells are described below.
[0421] Unless otherwise specified, the left end of any single stranded polynucleotide sequence described in this invention is the 5 'end; the left direction of double stranded polynucleotide sequences is called the 5 'direction. The direction of the 5 'to 3' addition of nascent RNA transcripts is called the direction of transcription; Sequence regions in the DNA strand that have the same sequence as the RNA transcript that are 5 'to the 5' end of the RNA transcript are referred to as "upstream sequences"; Sequence regions in the DNA strand that have the same sequence as the RNA transcript that are 3 'to the 3' end of the RNA transcript are called "downstream sequences"
[0423] The term "package insert" is used to refer to the instructions usually included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, which contain information on the indications, use, dosage, administration, contraindications and / or warnings on the use of said therapeutic products.
[0425] The terms "prevent", "preventing" and "prevention" refer to the total or partial inhibition of the development, reappearance, initiation or spread of a beta klotho-mediated disease and / or related symptom, as a result of the administration of a therapy or combination of therapies provided in this invention ( eg, a combination of prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as an antibody provided in this invention).
[0427] The term "prophylactic agent" refers to any agent that can wholly or partially inhibit the development, recurrence, initiation or spread of a beta klotho-mediated disease and / or symptom related thereto in a subject. In certain embodiments, the term "prophylactic agent" refers to an anti-beta klotho antibody as described in this invention. In certain other embodiments, the term "prophylactic agent" refers to an agent other than an anti-beta klotho antibody as described in this invention. In certain embodiments, a prophylactic agent is an agent known to be useful for or has been or is currently being used to prevent a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition and / or a symptom related thereto or to prevent the onset. , development, progression and / or severity of a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder or condition, and / or a symptom related thereto. In specific embodiments, the prophylactic agent is a humanized anti-beta klotho antibody, such as a humanized anti-beta klotho monoclonal antibody.
[0429] In certain embodiments, a "prophylactically effective serum titer" is the serum titer in a subject, preferably a human, that fully or partially inhibits the development, recurrence, initiation, or spread of a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition. , and / or symptom related thereto in the subject.
[0431] In certain embodiments, a "therapeutically effective serum titer" is the serum titer in a subject, preferably a human, that reduces the severity, duration, and / or symptoms associated with a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition. , in the subject.
[0433] The term "recombinant antibody" refers to an antibody that is prepared, expressed, created, or isolated by recombinant means. Recombinant antibodies can be antibodies expressed using a recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell, antibodies isolated from a recombinant, combinatorial antibody library, antibodies isolated from an animal ( eg , a mouse or a cow) that is transgenic, and / or transchromosomal for human immunoglobulin genes (see, for example, Taylor, LD et al. (1992) Nucl. Res acids. 20: 6287-6295) or antibodies prepared, expressed, created or isolated by any other means involving the splicing of immunoglobulin gene sequences to other DNA sequences. Such recombinant antibodies can have variable and constant regions, including those derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences (see Kabat, EA et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, fifth edition, Department of Health and Human Services, publication NIH # 91-3242). However, as described in this invention, such recombinant antibodies can undergo mutagenesis in vitro (or, when a transgenic animal is used for human Ig sequences, in somatic mutagenesis in vivo) and, therefore, the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, although derived and related to the VH and Human germline VL, may not exist naturally within the germline repertoire of human antibodies in vivo.
[0435] The term "serum titer" refers to an average serum titer in a subject from multiple samples ( eg , at a present time or multiple time points) or in a population of minus 10, such as at least 20 , or at least 40 subjects, up to about 100, 1000 or more.
[0437] The term "side effects" encompasses the unwanted and / or adverse effects of a therapy ( eg , a prophylactic or therapeutic agent). Unwanted effects are not necessarily adverse. An adverse effect of a therapy ( eg, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) can be harmful or uncomfortable or risky. Examples of side effects include diarrhea, cough, gastroenteritis, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal cramps, fever, pain, loss of body weight, dehydration, alopecia, dyspenea, insomnia, dizziness, mucositis, nerve and muscle effects, fatigue, dry mouth and loss of appetite, skin rashes or swelling at the administration site, flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills and fatigue, digestive tract problems, and allergic reactions. Additional unwanted effects experienced by patients are numerous and known in the art. Many are described in the Physician's Desk Reference (68th ed., 2014).
[0438] The terms "subject" and "patient" can be used interchangeably. As used in this invention, in certain embodiments, a subject is a mammal, such as a non-primate ( eg, cows, pigs, horses, cats, dogs, rats, etc.) or a primate ( eg , a monkey. and a human being). In specific embodiments, the subject is a human. In one embodiment, the subject is a mammal ( eg , a human) having a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition. In another embodiment, the subject is a mammal ( eg , human) at risk of developing a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition.
[0440] "Substantially all" refers to refers to at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90 %, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100%.
[0442] The term "therapeutic agent" refers to any agent that can be used to treat, prevent, or alleviate a disease, disorder, or condition, including in the treatment, prevention, or alleviation of one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder, or condition mediated by beta klotho and / or a symptom related to it. A therapeutic agent refers to an anti-beta klotho antibody of the invention. A therapeutic agent can also refer to an agent other than an antibody provided in this invention. A therapeutic agent can be an agent that is known to be useful for, or has been or is currently being used for the treatment, prevention, or alleviation of one or more symptoms of a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder or condition, or a symptom related to it.
[0444] The combination of therapies ( eg , the use of agents, including therapeutic agents) may be more effective than the additive effects of any two or more individual therapies ( eg , synergistic). A synergistic effect is unexpected and cannot be predicted. For example, a synergistic effect of a combination of therapeutic agents allows the use of lower doses of one or more of the agents and / or less frequent administration of the agents to a subject with beta klotho-mediated disease. The ability to use lower doses of therapeutic treatments and / or administer the therapies less frequently reduces the toxicity associated with administering the therapies to a subject without reducing the efficacy of the therapies in preventing, treating, or alleviating one or more symptom. of a disease mediated by beta klotho. Furthermore, a synergistic effect may result in better efficacy of therapies in preventing, treating, or alleviating one or more symptoms of a beta klotho-mediated disease. Finally, the synergistic effect of a combination of therapies ( eg, therapeutic agents) can avoid or reduce the adverse or unwanted side effects associated with the use of any individual therapy.
[0446] The term "therapy" refers to any protocol, procedure, and / or agent that can be used in the prevention, management, treatment, and / or amelioration of a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or conditions. In certain embodiments, the terms "therapies" and "therapy" refer to biological therapy, supportive therapy, and / or other therapies useful in the prevention, management, treatment, and / or amelioration of a beta-mediated disease, disorder, or condition. klotho, known to a person skilled in the art such as medical personnel.
[0448] The term "detectable probe" refers to a composition that provides a detectable signal. The term includes, without limitation, any fluorophore, chromophore, radiolabel, enzyme, antibody, or antibody fragment, and similar, which provide a detectable signal through their activity.
[0450] The term "diagnostic agent" refers to a substance administered to a subject that aids in the diagnosis of a disease, disorder, or conditions. Such substances can be used to reveal, identify, and / or define the location of a disease-causing procedure. A diagnostic agent is a substance that is conjugated to an anti-beta klotho antibody of the invention, which when administered to a subject or brought into contact with a sample from a subject helps in the diagnosis of a beta klotho-mediated disease. .
[0452] The term "detectable agent" refers to a substance that can be used to determine the existence or presence of a desired molecule, such as an anti-beta klotho antibody as described in this invention, in a sample or subject. A detectable agent can be a substance that is capable of being visualized or a substance that can otherwise be determined and / or measured ( eg , by quantification).
[0454] The term "encode" or grammatical equivalents thereof, as used in reference to the nucleic acid molecule, refers to a nucleic acid molecule in its native state or when manipulated by procedures well known to those of skill in the art that it can be transcribed to produce mRNA, which is then translated into a polypeptide and / or a fragment thereof. The antisense strand is the complement of such a nucleic acid molecule, and the coding sequence can be deduced from it.
[0456] The term "excipient" refers to an inert substance that is commonly used as a diluent, carrier, preservative, binder, or stabilizing agent, and includes, but is not limited to, proteins ( eg, serum albumin, etc.) , amino acids (for example, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, glycine, histidine, etc.), fatty acids and phospholipids ( for example, alkyl sulphonates, caprylate, etc.), surfactants ( for example, SDS, polysorbate, nonionic surfactant, etc.), saccharides ( eg , sucrose, maltose, trehalose, etc.), and polyols ( eg , mannitol, sorbitol, etc.). See, also, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1990) Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA.
[0458] In the context of a peptide or polypeptide, the term "fragment" as used in this invention refers to a peptide or polypeptide that comprises less than the full length amino acid sequence. Such a fragment may arise, for example, from a truncation at the amino terminus, a truncation at the carboxy terminus and / or an internal deletion of one residue (s) of the amino acid sequence. The fragments can result, for example, from alternative RNA splicing or from in vivo protase activity. As described in this invention, beta klotho fragments include polypeptides that comprise an amino acid sequence of at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 10 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 15 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 20 amino acid residues. contiguous, at least 25 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 40 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 50 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 60 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 70 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 80 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 90 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 100 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 125 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 150 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 175 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 200 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 250, at least 300, at least 350, at least 400, at least 450, at least 500, at least 550, at least 600, at least 650, at least 700, at least 750, at least 800, at least 850, at least 900, or at least 950, contiguous amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of a beta klotho polypeptide or an antibody that binds to a beta klotho polypeptide. As described in this invention, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide or an antibody that binds to a beta klotho antigen retains at least 1, at least 2, or at least 3 or more functions of the polypeptide or antibody.
[0460] The terms "managing", "managing" and "managing" refer to the beneficial effects that a subject derives from a therapy ( eg, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent), which does not result in a cure of the disease. A subject is administered one or more therapies ( eg , prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as an antibody provided in this invention) to "manage" a beta klotho-mediated disease, one or more symptoms thereof, in order to prevent the progression or worsening of the disease.
[0462] The terms "about" or "about" mean within 20%, within 15%, within 10%, within 9%, within 8%, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%, within 3%, within 2%, within or 1% or less of a given value or range.
[0464] "Administering" or "administration" refers to the act of physically injecting or otherwise delivering a substance as it exists outside the body ( eg , an anti-beta klotho antibody as described in this invention) into a patient, such as by mucosal, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular and / or any other physical delivery method described in this invention or known in the art. When treating a disease, disorder, or condition, or a symptom thereof, administration of the substance typically occurs after onset of disease, disorder, or condition, or symptoms thereof. When a disease, disorder, or condition or symptoms thereof are prevented, administration of the substance typically occurs prior to the onset of the disease, disorder, or condition, or symptoms thereof.
[0466] In the context of a polypeptide, the term "analog" as used in this invention refers to a polypeptide that possesses similar or identical function to a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-klotho antibody. beta klotho but does not necessarily comprise a similar or identical amino acid sequence of a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibody, or has a similar or identical structure to a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibody. A polypeptide having a similar amino acid sequence refers to a polypeptide that satisfies at least one of the following: (a) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40% , at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% , at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of a beta-klotho polypeptide (for example, SEQ ID NO: 297, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or a described anti-beta klotho antibody in this invention; (b) a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleotide sequence encoding a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibody (or region VH or VL thereof) described in this invention of at least 5 amino acid residues, at least 10 residue amino acid s, at least 15 amino acid residues, at least 20 amino acid residues, at least 25 amino acid residues, at least 40 amino acid residues, at least 50 amino acid residues, at least 60 amino acid residues, at least 70 residues of amino acids, at least 80 amino acid residues, at least 90 amino acid residues, at least 100 amino acid residues, at least 125 amino acid residues, or at least 150 amino acid residues (see, for example, Sambrook et al. (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, n Y; Maniatis et al. (1982) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY); and (c) a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence that is at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least less 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to the nucleotide sequence encoding a beta klotho polypeptide , a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibody (or VH or VL region thereof) described in this invention. A polypeptide with similar structure to a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibody described in this invention refers to a polypeptide having a secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure similar to a beta klotho polypeptide. , a fragment of a beta klotho, or a beta klotho antibody described in this invention. The structure of a polypeptide can be determined by methods known to those of skill in the art, including but not limited to X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and crystallographic electron microscopy.
[0468] The term "composition" is intended to encompass a product that contains the specified ingredients ( eg, an antibody provided in this invention) in, optionally, the specified amounts, as well as any product that results, directly or indirectly, from the combination of the ingredients. specified in, optionally, the specified quantities.
[0470] In the context of a polypeptide, the term "derivative", as used in this invention, refers to a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence of a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an antibody that is binds to a beta klotho polypeptide that has been altered by the introduction of substitutions, deletions, or additions of amino acid residues. The term "derivative" as used in this invention also refers to a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an antibody that binds to a beta klotho polypeptide that has been chemically modified, for example, by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the polypeptide. For example, but not by way of limitation, a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or a beta llotho antibody can be chemically modified, eg, by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by protecting groups. / known blockers, proteolytic cleavage, binding to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc. Derivatives are modified in a way that is different from the starting or natural peptide (s), either in the type or location of the bound molecules. Derivatives further include the deletion of one or more chemical groups that are naturally present on the peptide or polypeptide. A derivative of a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or a beta klotho antibody can be chemically modified by chemical modifications using techniques known to those of skill in the art, including, but not limited to, specific chemical cleavage, acetylation. , formulation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. In addition, a derivative of a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or a beta klotho antibody may contain one or more non-classical amino acids. A polypeptide derivative possesses similar or identical function as a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or a beta klotho antibody described in this invention.
[0471] COMPOSITIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR MANUFACTURING THEM
[0473] Binding proteins are described, such as antibodies that bind to beta klotho, (eg, human beta klotho and / or cyno). The antibodies of the present disclosure are useful, for example, for the diagnosis or treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions associated with the expression of beta klotho. In certain embodiments, the antibodies of the present invention are useful for the diagnosis or treatment of a disease, disorder or condition, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome or, in general, any disease, disorder or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or enhance the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21.
[0475] Described in this invention are antibodies that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, a beta klotho peptide, or a beta klotho epitope. Anti-beta klotho antibodies bind to the extracellular domain (ECD) of beta klotho. Also disclosed are antibodies that competitively block an anti-beta klotho antibody provided in this invention from binding to a beta klotho polypeptide. The anti-beta klotho antibodies described in this invention can also be recombinantly conjugated or fused to a diagnostic agent, detectable agent, or therapeutic agent. Further provided are compositions comprising a beta klotho antibody of the invention.
[0477] Also provided in this invention are isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a heavy chain, light chain, VH region, VL region, CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL and / or CDR3 VL of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. -beta klotho that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, a beta klotho peptide or a beta klotho epitope as defined in the claims. Further provided are vectors and host cells comprising nucleic acid molecules encoding anti beta klotho antibodies that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, a beta klotho peptide, or a beta klotho epitope as defined in the claims. . Also described are methods of making antibodies that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, a beta klotho peptide, or a beta klotho epitope.
[0479] Methods of using the anti-beta klotho antibodies of the invention are provided. The methods include treating, preventing, or alleviating a disease, disorder, or condition, including treating, preventing, or alleviating one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder, or condition in a subject. Non-limiting examples of diseases, disorders, or conditions include glucose utilization disorders and the sequelae associated therewith, including diabetes mellitus (type I and type 2), gestational diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, abnormal glucose metabolism. glucose, "pre-diabetes" (impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)), or other physiological disorders associated with or resulting from, the hyperglycemic state, including, for example, histopathological changes such as destruction of pancreatic p cells. For example, subjects with diseases, disorders, or conditions in need of treatment may have a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level greater than about 100 mg / dL. Other disorders related to hyperglycemia include kidney damage ( eg , tubule damage or nephropathy), liver degeneration, eye damage ( eg , diabetic retinopathy or cataracts), and diabetic foot disorders. Other diseases, disorders or conditions include dyslipidemias and their sequelae such as, for example, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disorders and the like or other diseases, disorders or conditions that may be associated with the metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and mass. elevated body condition (including comorbid liver conditions such as, but not limited to, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ), or thrombosis, hypercoagulable and prothrombotic states (arterial and venous), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart failure. These diseases, disorders, or conditions include atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases ( eg, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), asthma, lupus erythematosus, arthritis, or other inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Other diseases, disorders, or conditions include adipose cell tumors, lipomatous carcinomas including, for example, liposarcomas, solid tumors, and neoplasms. Other diseases, disorders or conditions include neurodegenerative diseases and / or demyelinating disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system and / or neurological diseases involving neuroinflammatory procedures and / or other peripheral neuropathies, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease. , progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and Guillian-Barre syndrome. Other diseases, disorders or conditions include skin and dermatological disorders and / or disorders of wound healing procedures, including erythema squamous dermatoses. Other diseases, disorders, or conditions include syndrome X, osteoarthritis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. As used in this invention, the term "hyperglycemic" or "hyperglycemia", when used in reference to a disease, disorder or condition of a subject, refers to an abnormally high transient or chronic level of glucose present in the blood of a subject. The disease, disorder, or condition may be caused by a delay in glucose metabolism or absorption, such that the subject shows glucose intolerance or an elevated glucose status not typically found in normal subjects ( eg, glucose intolerant pre-diabetic subjects at risk of developing diabetes, or diabetic subjects). For example, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels for normoglycemia may be less than about 100 mg / dl, for impaired glucose metabolism, between about 100 and 126 mg / dl, and for diabetics older than about 126 mg / dl. Prevention procedures ( for example, in subjects predisposed to having one or more particular disorders, refer to delaying, slowing or inhibiting the progression of, initiation of, or treating ( for example, ameliorating) obesity or undesirable body mass ( eg , a higher than normal body mass index or "BMI" relative to an appropriate compatible subject of comparable age, gender, race, etc.) Procedures for treating obesity or undesirable body mass (including comorbid conditions of obesity, eg, obstructive sleep apnea, arthritis, cancer ( eg , breast, endometrial, and colon), gallstones, or hyperglycemia, include contacting or administering a binding protein such as an anti- -beta klotho as described in this invention in an amount effective to treat obesity or undesirable body mass. For example, a subject may have a body mass index greater than 25, for example For example, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, or greater than 40. Prevention procedures ( for example , in subjects predisposed to having one or more particular disorders), refer to delaying, slowing or inhibiting the progression of, initiation of, or treating undesirable levels or abnormally elevated serum / plasma LDL, VLDL, triglycerides or cholesterol, which, alone or in combination, can lead to, for example, plaque formation, narrowing or blockage of blood vessels, and at an increased risk of hypertension, stroke, and coronary artery disease. Such diseases, disorders or conditions may be due, for example, to genetic predisposition or diet.
[0481] Anti-beta klotho antibodies
[0483] The present disclosure provides anti-beta klotho antibodies which may find use in this invention as therapeutic agents. Exemplary antibodies include polyclonal, monoclonal, humanized, human, bispecific, and heteroconjugate antibodies, as well as variants thereof that have enhanced affinity or other properties.
[0485] Provided herein are antibodies as defined in the claims that bind beta klotho, including a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, a beta klotho peptide, or a beta klotho epitope. In some embodiments, anti-beta klotho antibodies are humanized antibodies ( eg, comprising human constant regions) that bind beta klotho, including a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, a beta klotho peptide, or an epitope. beta klotho.
[0487] The anti-beta klotho antibody comprises a VH region, VL region, CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL and / or CDR3 VL as defined in the claims. Accordingly, the isolated antibody or functional fragment thereof provided in this invention comprises three heavy chain CDRs and three light chain CDRs of the antibody designated 5H23 as shown in Tables 1.
[0489] The antibody designated 5H23 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 25 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 26.
[0491] The antibody designated 1C17 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 51 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 52.
[0493] The antibody designated 1D19 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 77 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 78.
[0495] The antibody designated 2L12 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 103 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 104.
[0497] The antibody designated 3L3 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 129 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 130.
[0499] The antibody designated 3N20 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 155 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 156.
[0501] The antibody designated 4P5 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 181 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 182.
[0503] The antibody designated 5C23 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 207 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 208.
[0504] The antibody designated 5F7 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 233 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 234.
[0505] The antibody designated IG19 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 259 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO: 260.
[0506] The antibodies described in this invention can comprise a VH region or VH domain. The antibodies described in this invention may also comprise a VL region or a VL chain. The antibodies described in this invention can have a combination of (i) a VH domain or VH region; and / or (ii) a VL domain or VL region.
[0507] An antibody described in this invention comprises or consists of six CDRs, CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL, and / or CDR3 VL identified in Tables 2-10. An antibody described in this invention can comprise less than six CDRs. As described in this invention, the antibody may comprise or consist of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL and / or CDR3 VL identified in Tables 1-10. As described in this invention, the antibody may comprise or consist of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL and / or CDR3 VL of the murine monoclonal antibody selected from the group consisting of: (a) the antibody designated 5H23; (b) the antibody designated 1C17; (c) the antibody designated 1D19; (d) the antibody designated 2 L12; (e) the antibody designated 3L3; (f) the antibody designated 3N20; (g) the antibody designated 4P5; (h) the antibody designated 5C23; (i) the antibody designated 5F7; (j) the antibody designated 1G19 described in this invention. Consequently, the antibody described in this invention may comprise or consist of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs of any of the CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH, CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL and / or CDR3 VL identified in Tables 1-10.
[0509] The antibodies described in this invention comprise one or more ( eg , one, two, or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 1-10. The antibodies described in this invention may also comprise one or more ( eg, one, two, or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 1-10. The antibodies described in this invention may comprise one or more ( eg, one, two, or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 1-10 and one or more VL CDRs listed in Tables 1-10. Consequently, the antibodies described in this invention may comprise a VH CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221,226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252. The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a CDR2 VH having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 2 , 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132 , 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258. The Antibodies described in this invention may comprise a CDR3 VH having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254. The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a VH CDR1 and / or a CDR2 VH and / or a CDR3 VH independently selected from a CDR1 VH, CDR2 VH, CDR3 VH as shown in any of the amino acid sequences represented in Table 1-10. The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a CDR1 VL having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82 , 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244 , 250 and 255. The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a CDR2 VL having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 5, 11,22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256. The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a CDR3 VL having the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153 , 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257. The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a CDR1 VL and / or a CDR2 VL and / or a CDR3 VL independently selected from a CDR1 VL, CDR2 VL, CDR3 VL as shown in any of the amino acid sequences represented in Tables 1-10.
[0511] The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a heavy chain (VH) variable region comprising: (1) a VH CDR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO: 1,27, 53, 79, 105, 131, 157, 183, 209 and / or 235, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 7, 33, 59, 85, 111, 137, 163, 189, 215 or 241, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 12, 38, 64, 90, 116, 142, 168, 194, 220 or 246, (iv) SEQ ID NO: 13, 39, 65, 91, 117, 143, 169, 195, 221 or 247, and (v) SEQ ID NO: 18, 44, 70, 96, 122, 148, 174, 200, 226 or 252; (2) a CDR2 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO: 2, 28, 54, 80, 106, 132, 158, 184,210 and / or 236, ( ii) SEQ ID NO: 8, 34, 60, 86, 112, 138, 164, 190, 216 or 242, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 14, 40, 66, 92, 118, 144, 170, 196 , 222 or 248, (iv) SEQ ID NO: 19, 45, 71, 97, 123, 149, 175, 201, 227 or 253, and (v) SEQ ID NO: 24, 50, 76, 102, 128, 154, 180, 206, 232, or 258; and (3) a CDR3 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (i) s Eq ID NO: 3, 29, 55, 81, 107, 133, 159, 185, 211 and or 237 , (ii) SEQ ID NO: 9, 35, 61, 87, 113, 139, 165, 191, 217 or 243, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 15, 41, 67, 93, 119, 145, 171 , 197, 223 or 249, and (iv) SEQ ID NO: 20, 46, 72, 98, 124, 150, 176, 202, 228 or 254; and / or a variable region of the light chain (VL) comprising: (1) a CDR1 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO: 4, 30, 56 , 82, 108, 134, 160, 186, 212 and 238, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 10, 36, 52, 88, 114, 140, 166, 192, 218 or 244, (iii) SEQ ID NO : 16, 42, 68, 94, 120, 146, 172, 198, 224 or 250, and (iv) SEQ ID NO: 21.47, 73, 99, 125, 151, 177, 203, 229, or 255; (2) a CDR2 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from
[0512] among the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO: 5, 31, 57, 83, 109, 135, 161, 187, 213 and or 239, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 11,
[0513] 37, 63, 89, 115, 141, 167, 193, 219 or 245, and (iii) SEQ ID NO: 22, 48, 74, 100, 126, 152, 178, 204, 230 or 256; and (3)
[0514] a CDR3 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID
[0515] NO: 6, 32, 58, 84, 110, 136, 162, 188, 214 and / or 240, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 17, 43, 69, 95, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225 or 251, and
[0516] (iii) SEQ ID NO: 23, 49, 75, 101, 127, 153, 179, 205, 231 or 257.
[0518] The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a heavy chain variable region (VH) that
[0519] comprises: (1) a CDR1 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of
[0520] in: (i) SEQ ID NO: 1.27, 53, 79, 105, 131, 157, 183, 209 and 235, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 7, 33, 59, 85, 111, 137, 163, 189,
[0521] 215 or 241, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 12, 38, 64, 90, 116, 142, 168, 194, 220 or 246, (iv) SEQ ID NO: 13, 39, 65, 91, 117, 143,
[0522] 169, 195, 221 or 247, and (v) SEQ ID NO: 18, 44, 70, 96, 122, 148, 174, 200, 226 or 252; (2) a CDR2 VH that has
[0523] an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO: 2, 28, 54, 80, 106,
[0524] 132, 158, 184, 210 and or 236, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 8, 34, 60, 86, 112, 138, 164, 190, 216 or 242, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 14, 40,
[0525] 66, 92, 118, 144, 170, 196, 222 or 248, (iv) SEQ ID NO: 19, 45, 71, 97, 123, 149, 175, 201, 227 or 253, and (v) SEQ
[0526] ID NO: 24, 50, 76, 102, 128, 154, 180, 206, 232, or 258; and (3) a CDR3 VH having an amino acid sequence
[0527] selected from the group consisting of: (i) Se Q ID NO: 3, 29, 55, 81, 107, 133, 159, 185, 211 and / or 237, (ii)
[0528] SEQ ID NO: 9, 35, 61, 87, 113, 139, 165, 191, 217 or 243, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 15, 41, 67, 93, 119, 145, 171, 197, 223
[0529] or 249, and (iv) SEQ ID NO: 20, 46, 72, 98, 124, 150, 176, 202, 228 or 254.
[0531] The antibodies described in this invention may comprise a variable region of the light chain (VL) that
[0532] comprises: (1) a VL CDR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting
[0533] in: (i) SEQ ID NO: 4, 30, 56, 82, 108, 134, 160, 186, 212 and or 238, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 10, 36, 52, 88, 114, 140, 166,
[0534] 192, 218 or 244, (iii) SEQ ID NO: 16, 42, 68, 94, 120, 146, 172, 198, 224 or 250, and (iv) SEQ ID NO: 21, 47, 73, 99 ,
[0535] 125, 151, 177, 203, 229 or 255; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the
[0536] group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO: 5, 31, 57, 83, 109, 135, 161, 187, 213 and or 239, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 11, 37, 63,
[0537] 89, 115, 141, 167, 193, 219 or 245, and (iii) SEQ ID NO: 22, 48, 74, 100, 126, 152, 178, 204, 230 or 256; and (3) a VL
[0538] CDR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: (i) the s Eq ID NO: 6,
[0539] 32, 58, 84, 110, 136, 162, 188, 214 and 240, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 17, 43, 69, 95, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225 or 251, and (iii) the
[0540] SEQ ID NO: 23, 49, 75, 101, 127, 153, 179, 205, 231 or 257.
[0542] Also described in this invention are antibodies comprising one or more VH CDRs and one or more VL CDRs (for
[0543] example, one, two, or three) listed in Tables 1-10. In particular, an antibody
[0544] comprising a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96,
[0545] 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220,
[0546] 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252.) and a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88,
[0547] 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,
[0548] 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221,
[0549] 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252); a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115,
[0550] 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256) and a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7,
[0551] 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148,
[0552] 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221,226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252) CDR3 VL (SEQ
[0553] ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205 , 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257) and a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86,
[0554] 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210,
[0555] 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258); CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82,
[0556] 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238,
[0557] 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92 , 97,
[0558] 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216,
[0559] 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258); and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101,
[0560] 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID
[0561] NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171,
[0562] 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254) and a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36,
[0563] 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203,
[0564] 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255); a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81,
[0565] 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237,
[0566] 243, 249 and 254) and a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141,
[0567] 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); and a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35,
[0568] 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202,
[0569] 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86 , 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216 , 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258) and a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255); a CDR1
[0570] VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91,96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92 , 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222 , 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258) and a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13,
[0571] 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ
[0572] ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123 , 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60,
[0573] 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35,
[0574] 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254) and a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73 , 82,
[0575] 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97 , 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227 , 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41,46, 55, 61,67, 72, 81, 87, 93,
[0576] 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254) and a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187 , 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45,
[0577] 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20,
[0578] 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84 ,
[0579] 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH
[0580] (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116 , 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246 , 247 and 252.), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114 , 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR2 VL ( I KNOW THAT
[0581] ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204 , 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73,
[0582] 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153 , 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18,
[0583] 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137,142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5.11 , 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230 , 239, 245 and 256) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24,
[0584] 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4 , 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166 , 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48,
[0585] 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256);
[0586] a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108 , 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196,
[0587] 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11,22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63,
[0588] 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256) and a
[0589] CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188 ,
[0590] 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139 , 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237,
[0591] 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114 , 120,
[0592] 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR2
[0593] VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193,
[0594] 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41,46, 55, 61,67, 72, 81, 87, 93,
[0595] 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211,217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249
[0596] and 254), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125 , 134,
[0597] 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ
[0598] ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205 , 214,
[0599] 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,
[0600] 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254),
[0601] a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178,
[0602] 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95,
[0603] 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ
[0604] ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117 , 122, 131, 137,
[0605] 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252),
[0606] a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118,
[0607] 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236,
[0608] 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107 , 113,
[0609] 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254) and a
[0610] CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140 , 146,
[0611] 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1,
[0612] 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143,
[0613] 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR2
[0614] VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128,
[0615] 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248,
[0616] 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119 , 124,
[0617] 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254) and a CDR2 VL
[0618] (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193 , 204,
[0619] 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79,
[0620] 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200,
[0621] 209, 215, 220, 221,226, 235, 241,246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54,
[0622] 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184,
[0623] 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29,
[0624] 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,
[0625] 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95,
[0626] 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ
[0627] ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117 , 122, 131, 137,
[0628] 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252),
[0629] a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118,
[0630] 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236,
[0631] 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108 , 114,
[0632] 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a
[0633] CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187 ,
[0634] 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64,
[0635] 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194,
[0636] 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221,226, 235, 241,246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40,
[0637] 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175,
[0638] 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10,
[0639] 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186,
[0640] 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75,
[0641] 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1
[0642] VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91,96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131,
[0643] 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and
[0644] 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102 , 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152 , 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107 , 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146 , 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107 , 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23 , 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240 , 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107 , 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110 , 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41,46, 55, 61,67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107 , 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211,217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL ( SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31 , 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107 , 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255); a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41,46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107 , 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110 , 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241,246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92 , 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222 , 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120 , 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 11 5, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86 , 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216 , 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41,46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211,217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205 , 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221,226, 235, 241,246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97 , 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227 , 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11,22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167 , 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256) and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247 and 252), a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86 , 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216 , 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152 , 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256), and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69 , 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221,226, 235, 241,246, 247 and 252), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41,46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119 , 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48 , 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256), and a CDR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179 , 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251 and 257); a CDR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253 and 258), a CDR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107 , 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211,217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249 and 254), a CDR1 VL ( SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250 and 255), a CDR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 5, 11,22, 31 , 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245 and 256) or any combination thereof of the VH CDRs and the VL CDRs listed in Tables 1-10.
[0646] In yet another aspect, the CDRs described in this invention include consensus sequences derived from groups of related antibodies (see, for example , Tables 1-10). As described in this invention, a "consensus sequence" refers to amino acid sequences that have conserved amino acids common among various sequences and variable amino acids that vary within a given amino acid sequence. The consensus CDR sequences provided include the CDRs corresponding to CDRH1, CDRH2, CDRH3, CDRL1, CDRL2, and / or CDRL3. The consensus sequences of the CDRs of anti-beta klotho antibodies are shown in Figure 2.
[0647] In certain embodiments, an antibody of the present invention comprises a VH region comprising: (1) a FR1 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280, and 378; (2) a FR2 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283; (3) a FR3 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ iD NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381; and / or (4) a FR4 VH having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 288. Accordingly, in some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378. In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283. In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a FR3 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381. In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 288.
[0649] In certain embodiments, an antibody of the present invention comprises a VL region comprising: (1) an FR1 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384; (2) a FR2 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 291,292, and 385-392; (3) a FR3 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295, and 393-404; and / or (4) a FR4 VL having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407. Consequently, in some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a FR1 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384. In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 291, 292, and 385-392. In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295, and 393-404. In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407.
[0651] In certain embodiments, an antibody of the present invention comprises a VH region and a VL region, where the VH region further comprises: (1) a FR1 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO : 278, 279, 280 and 378; (2) a FR2 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283; (3) a FR3 VH having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287, and 379-381; and / or (4) a FR4 VH having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 288; and wherein the VL region further comprises: (1) a FR1 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384; (2) a FR2 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 291, 292, and 385-392; (3) a FR3 VL having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295, and 393-404; and / or (4) a FR4 VL having an amino acid of Se Q ID NO: 296 and 405-407.
[0653] Also provided in this invention are antibodies comprising one or more (eg, one, two, three or four) FR VH and one or more FR VL listed in Table 19. In particular, an antibody comprising a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378) and a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382 384); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283) and a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379 381) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283) and a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) : a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405 407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382- 384), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407) ; a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393- 404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393- 404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382 384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) ; a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404 ); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379 381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); one FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NOS: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407 ); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405 407); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NOS: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NOS: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381) and a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NOS: 289, 290 and 382-384); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381 ) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289 , 290 and 382-384); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO : 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO : 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NOS: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR1 VL ( SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 AND 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382- 384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382- 384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382 -384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO : 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO : 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO : 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385- 392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385- 392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO : 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO : 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393- 404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393- 404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NOS¡: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NOS: 281, 282, and 283), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379 381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NOS: 291, 292 and 385 -392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393 -404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382 384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382 384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL ( SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379 -381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293 , 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) , a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379 -381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289 , 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO : 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO : 289, 290 and 382-384) and an I FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NOS : 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NOS: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405 407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392), and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382 384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392 ), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392), and a FR3 VL SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); an FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO : 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382- 384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382- 384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 vl (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382- 384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405 407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385- 392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO : 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382 384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO : 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293 , 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) , a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) , a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR2 vl (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282, and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381 ), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381 ), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393 404 ); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379 -381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407 ); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381 ), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407 ); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NOS: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) , a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393 -404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NOS: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405 407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO : 289, 290 and 382-384), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO : 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) ; a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL ( SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, and 283), a FR3 V (SEQ ID NOS: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405 -407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291,292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382- 384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407 ); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), a FR2 VL (SEQ ID NOS: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR3 VL ( SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393 404); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392) and a FR4 VL ( SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379- 381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381 ), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393- 404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR1 VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280 and 378), a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281, 282 and 283), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO : 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL (SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); a FR2 VH (SEQ ID NO: 281,282 and 283), a FR3 VH (SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a FR4 VH (SEQ ID NO: 288), a FR1 VL (SEQ ID NO: 289, 290 and 382-384), FR2 VL (SEQ ID NO: 291, 292 and 385-392), FR3 VL (SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a FR4 VL ( SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407); or any combination thereof of FR VH (SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280, 378, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 379-381 and 288) and FR VL ( SEQ ID NO: 289, 290, 382-384, 291, 292, 385-392, 293, 294, 295, 393-404, 296, 405-407) listed in Table 19.
[0655] In yet another aspect, antibodies are described that compete with one of the exemplified functional antibodies or fragments to bind to (i) beta klotho or (ii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c and FGFR4. Such antibodies can also bind to the same epitope as one of the antibodies. exemplified in this invention, or an epitope of the overlap. Antibodies and fragments that compete or bind to the same epitope as exemplified antibodies are expected to show similar functional properties. Exemplified antigen-binding proteins and fragments include those with the VH and VL regions, and the CDRs described in this invention, including those in Tables 1-10. Therefore, as a specific example, the antibodies that are described include those that compete with an antibody comprising: (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or the 6 CDRs listed for an antibody listed in Tables 1- 10; (b) one VH and one VL selected from the VH and VL regions listed for an antibody listed in Tables 1-10, such as for the 5H23 antibody (Table 1) or (c) two light chains and two heavy chains that they comprise a VH and a VL as specified for an antibody listed in Tables 1-10.
[0657] In yet another aspect, antibodies are described in this invention that bind to a region, including an epitope, of human beta klotho or beta klotho cyno. For example, an antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho KLB2 domain comprising amino acid residues 509 to 1,044 of SEQ ID NO: 297. As another example, an antibody provided in this invention binds to a glycosyl hydrolase 1 region of a human beta klotho KLB2 domain comprising amino acid residues 517 to 967 of SEQ ID NO: 297. The antibody of the present invention binds to a region of human beta klotho comprising amino acid residues 657 to 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. As yet another example, an antibody provided in this invention binds to a region of beta klotho cyno comprising amino acid residues 657 to 703 of SEQ ID NO: 299.
[0659] In another aspect, antibodies are described in this invention that bind to a specific epitope of human beta klotho. For example, an antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho epitope comprising at least one of amino acid residues 657, 701 and / or 703 of human beta klotho (SEQ ID NO: 297). Accordingly, an antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho epitope, where the human beta klotho epitope comprises at least amino acid residue 657 of SEQ ID NO: 297. An antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho epitope, where the human beta klotho epitope comprises at least amino acid residue 701 of SEQ ID NO: 297. An antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho epitope, where the human beta klotho epitope comprises at least amino acid residue 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. An antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho epitope, where the human beta klotho epitope comprises at least amino acid residues 657 and 701 of SEQ ID NO: 297. An antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho epitope, where the human beta klotho epitope comprises at least amino acid residues 657 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. An antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho epitope, where the human beta klotho epitope comprises at least amino acid residues 701 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. An antibody provided in this invention binds to a human beta klotho epitope, where the human beta klotho epitope comprises at least amino acid residues 657, 701 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. Such antibodies provided above can induce FGF19-like signaling and / or FGF21-like signaling in a cell expressing human beta klotho and an FGF receptor. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the antibody is a humanized, human, or chimeric antibody.
[0661] 1. Polyclonal antibodies
[0663] The antibodies of the present disclosure can comprise polyclonal antibodies. Procedures for preparing polyclonal antibodies are known to those skilled in the art. Polyclonal antibodies can be generated in a mammal, for example, by one or more injections of an immunizing agent and, if desired, an adjuvant. Typically, the immunizing agent and / or adjuvant will be injected into the mammal by multiple subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections. The immunizing agent can include a beta klotho polypeptide or a fusion protein thereof. It may be useful to conjugate the immunizing agent with a protein known to be immunogenic in the mammal being immunized or to immunize the mammal with the protein and one or more adjuvants. Examples of such immunogenic proteins include, but are not limited to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, serum albumin, bovine thyroglobulin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Examples of adjuvants that may be employed include Ribi, CpG, Poly 1C, Freund's complete adjuvant, and MPL-TDM adjuvant (monophosphoryl lipid A, synthetic trehalose dicorinomycolate). One skilled in the art can select the immunization protocol without undue experimentation. The mammal can then be bled, and the serum tested for beta klotho antibody titer. If desired, the mammal can be boosted until the antibody titer rises or stabilizes. Additionally or alternatively, lymphocytes can be obtained from the immunized animal for fusion and preparation of monoclonal antibodies from hybridoma as described below.
[0665] 2. Monoclonal antibodies
[0667] The antibodies of the present disclosure may alternatively be monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies Monoclonals can be made using the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256: 495 (1975), or they can be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,816,567).
[0669] In the hybridoma procedure, a mouse or other appropriate host animal, such as a hamster, is immunized as described above to elicit lymphocytes that produce or are capable of producing antibodies that will specifically bind to the protein used for immunization. Alternatively, lymphocytes can be immunized in vitro. After immunization, the lymphocytes are isolated and then fused with a myeloma cell line using a suitable fusion agent, such as polyethylene glycol, to form a hybridoma cell (Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, p. 59- 103 (Academic Press, 1986)).
[0671] The hybridoma cells thus prepared are seeded and grown in a suitable culture medium preferably containing one or more substances that inhibit the growth or survival of the unfused parental myeloma cells (also referred to as a fusion partner). For example, if parental myeloma cells lack the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT or HPRT), the selective culture medium for hybridomas will typically include hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine (HAT medium), substances that inhibit the growth of HGPRT-deficient cells.
[0673] Preferred fusion partner myeloma cells are those that fuse efficiently, support stable production of high-level antibodies by selected antibody-producing cells, and are sensitive to a selective medium that selects against unfused parental cells. Preferred myeloma cell lines are murine myeloma lines, such as SP-2 and derivatives, eg, X63-Ag8-653 cells available from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia, USA, and those derived from tumors. MOPC-21 and MPC-11 available from the Salk Institute Cell Distribution Center, San Diego, California, USA Human myeloma and mouse human heteromyeloma cell lines have also been described for the production of human monoclonal antibodies (Kozbor , J., Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984); and Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987).
[0675] The culture medium in which the hybridoma cells grow is analyzed for the production of monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigen. The binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma cells is determined by immunoprecipitation or by an in vitro binding assay, such as the radioimmunoassay (RIA) or the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding affinity of the monoclonal antibody can be determined, for example, by the Scatchard analysis described in Munson et al., Anal. Biochem., 107: 220 (1980).
[0677] Once hybridoma cells producing antibodies of the desired specificity, affinity, and / or activity are identified, clones can be subcloned by limiting dilution procedures and grown by standard procedures (Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, p. 59 -103 (Academic Press, 1986)). Suitable culture media for this purpose include, for example, D-MEM or RPMI-1640 medium. Furthermore, hybridoma cells can grow in vivo as ascites tumors in an animal, for example, by ip injection of the cells into mice.
[0679] The monoclonal antibodies secreted by the subclones are suitably separated from the culture medium, ascites fluid, or serum by standard antibody purification procedures such as, for example, affinity chromatography ( for example, using Protein A or Protein G-Sepharose) or ion exchange chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, etc.
[0681] DNA encoding monoclonal antibodies is readily isolated and sequenced by standard procedures ( eg, with oligonucleotide probes that are capable of specifically binding to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of murine antibodies). Hybridoma cells serve as a preferred source of such DNA. Once isolated, the DNA can be placed into expression vectors, which are then transfected into host cells such as E. coli cells, simian COS cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, or myeloma cells than other. mode do not produce antibody proteins, to obtain monoclonal antibody synthesis in recombinant host cells. Review articles on recombinant expression in bacteria of DNA encoding the antibody include Skerra et al., Curr. Opinion in Immunol., 5: 256-262 (1993) and Plückthun, Immunol. Revs. 130: 151-188 (1992).
[0683] As described in this invention, an antibody that binds to a beta klotho epitope comprises an amino acid sequence of a VH domain and / or an amino acid sequence of a VL domain encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to (1) the complement of a nucleotide sequence encoding any one of the VH and / or VL domains described in this invention under stringent conditions ( e.g., hybridization to DNA linked to I filter in 6X sodium chloride / sodium citrate (SSC) at about 45 ° C, followed by one or more washes in 0.2xSSC / 0.1% SDS at the approximately 50-65 ° C) under high stringency conditions ( For example, hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acid in 6xSSC at about 45 ° C, followed by one or more washes in 0.1xSSC / 0.2% SDS at about 68 ° C), or under other stringent hybridization conditions that are known to those of skill in the art (see, for example, Ausubel, FM et al., eds., 1989, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, vol. I, Green Publishing Associates, Inc. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, on pages 6.3.1-6.3.6 and 2.10.3).
[0685] As described in this invention, an antibody that binds to a beta klotho epitope comprises an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR or an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to the complement of a sequence. nucleotides encoding any of the VH CDRs and / or VL CDRs depicted in Tables 1-10 under stringent conditions ( e.g., hybridization to filter-bound DNA in 6X SSC at approximately 45 ° C, followed by one or more washes in 0.2xSSC / 0.1% SDS at about 50-65 ° C) under very stringent conditions ( e.g., hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acid in 6X SSC at about 45 ° C, followed by one or more washes at 0 , 1xSSC / 0.2% SDS at about 68 ° C), or under other stringent hybridization conditions that are known to those of skill in the art (see, for example, Ausubel, FM et al., Eds., 1989, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, vol. I, Green Publishing Associates, Inc. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, at pages 6.3.1-6.3.6 and 2.10.3)
[0687] Monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments can be isolated from antibody phage libraries generated using techniques described in, for example, Antibody Phage Display: Methods and Protocols, PM O'Brien and R. Aitken, eds, Humana Press, Totawa NJ , 2002. In principle, synthetic antibody clones are selected by screening phage libraries containing phage displaying various antibody variable region (Fv) fragments fused to the phage coat protein. Such phage libraries are screened against the desired antigen. Clones expressing the Fv fragments capable of binding the desired antigen are adsorbed onto the antigen and therefore separated from clones that do not bind in the library. The binding clones are then eluted from the antigen and can be further enriched by additional cycles of antigen adsorption / elution.
[0689] Variable domains can be functionally visualized on phage, either as single-chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which VH and VL are covalently linked through a short, flexible peptide, or as Fab fragments, in which each is fused to a constant domain and interacts non-covalently, as described, for example, in Winter et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol, 12 .: 433-455 (1994).
[0691] The VH and VL gene repertoires can be cloned separately by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and randomly recombined into phage libraries, which can then be searched for antigen-binding clones as described in Winter et al., Supra . Libraries from immunized sources provide high affinity antibodies to the immunogen without requiring the construction of hybridomas. Alternatively, the previously untreated repertoire can be cloned to provide a single source of human antibodies to a wide range of non-self and self antigens without any immunization as described in Griffiths et al., EMBO J, 12: 725-734 ( 1993). Finally, pre-treated libraries can also be manufactured synthetically by cloning the non-rearranged V gene segments from stem cells, and using PCR primers containing a random sequence to encode the highly variable CDR3 regions and achieve in vitro rearrangement as is described, for example, in Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381-388 (1992).
[0693] Screening of libraries can be accomplished by various techniques known in the art. For example, beta klotho, ( eg, a beta klotho polypeptide, fragment, or epitope) can be used to coat the wells of adsorption plates, be expressed in host cells attached to adsorption plates, or used in cell sorting. , or conjugated to biotin for capture with streptavidin coated beads, or used in any other procedure for scanning presentation libraries. Selection of antibodies with slow dissociation kinetics ( eg, good binding affinities) can be promoted through the use of long washes and monovalent phage display as described in Bass et al., Proteins, 8: 309-314 (1990) and in WO 92/09690 and a low antigen coating density as described in Marks et al, Biotechnol, 10: 779-783 (1992).
[0695] Anti-beta klotho antibodies can be obtained by designing a suitable antigen screening procedure to select the phage clone of interest followed by construction of a complete anti-beta klotho antibody clone using VH and / or VH sequences. VL ( eg, the Fv sequences), or various CDR sequences of the VH and VL sequences, from the phage clone of interest and suitable constant region sequences ( eg, Fc) described in Kabat et al. , Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, NIH publication 91-3242, Bethesda MD (1991), vols. 1-3.
[0696] 3. Antibody fragments
[0698] The present disclosure provides antibodies and antibody fragments that bind to beta klotho. In certain circumstances, there are advantages to using antibody fragments, rather than whole antibodies. The smaller size of the fragments allows for rapid removal and can lead to better access to cells, tissues, or organs. For a review of certain antibody fragments, see Hudson et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9: 129-134.
[0700] Various techniques have been developed for the production of antibody fragments. Traditionally, these fragments were derived through proteolytic digestion of intact antibodies (see, for example, Morimoto et al., Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 24: 107-117 (1992); and Brennan et al., Science, 229 : 81 (1985)). However, these fragments can now be produced directly by recombinant host cells. Fab, Fv, and ScFv antibody fragments can be expressed and secreted from E. coli or yeast cells, allowing for the easy production of large amounts of these fragments. Antibody fragments can be isolated from the antibody phage libraries discussed above. Alternatively, Fab'-SH fragments can be recovered directly from E. coli and chemically coupled to form F (ab ') 2 fragments (Carter et al., Bio / Technology 10: 163-167 (1992)). According to another approach, F (ab ') 2 fragments can be isolated directly from recombinant host cell culture. Fab and F (ab ') 2 fragments with increased in vivo half-life comprising rescue receptor binding epitope residues are described, for example, US Patent No. 5,869,046. Other techniques for the production of antibody fragments will be apparent to the skilled practitioner. In certain embodiments, an antibody is a single chain Fv fragment (scFv) (see, for example, WO 93/16185; US Patent Nos. 5,571,894; and 5,587,458). Fv and scFv have intact combining sites lacking constant regions; therefore, they may be suitable for reduced non-specific binding during in vivo use. ScFv fusion proteins can be constructed to cause fusion of an effector protein at the amino or carboxy terminus of a scFv. (See, eg, Antibody Engineering, ed. Borrebaeck, supra). The antibody fragment can also be a "linear antibody", eg, as described, eg, in the references cited above. Such linear antibodies can be monospecific or multispecific, such as bispecific.
[0702] The smallest antibody-derived binding structures are the separate variable domains (V domains) also called single variable domain antibodies (sdAbs). Certain types of organisms, camelids and cartilaginous fish, possess high-affinity V-type single domains mounted on an Fc equivalent domain structure as part of their immune system. (Woolven et al, Immunogenetics 50 .: 98-101, 1999; Streltsov et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 12444-12449, 2004). V-like domains (called VhH in camelids and V-NAR in sharks) typically show long surface loops, which allow penetration of target antigen cavities. They also stabilize isolated VH domains by masking hydrophobic surface patches.
[0704] These VhH and V-NAR domains have been used to design sdAbs. Variants of the human V domain have been designed using phage library screening and other strategies that have resulted in stable, high-binding VL and VH-derived domains.
[0706] Antibodies that bind beta klotho as provided in this invention include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, multispecific antibodies (including bispecific antibodies), human antibodies, humanized antibodies, antibodies. camelized, chimeric antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, and functional fragments ( eg, beta klotho-binding fragments) of any of the foregoing. Non-limiting examples of functional fragments ( eg, fragments that bind beta klotho) include single chain Fvs (scFv) ( eg, including monospecific, bispecific, etc.), Fab fragments, F (ab ') fragments, F (ab) 2 fragments, F (ab ') 2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, tribody, tetrabody and minibody.
[0708] Antibodies provided in this invention include, but are not limited to, immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, eg, molecules that contain an antigen-binding site that binds to a beta klotho epitope. The immunoglobulin molecules provided in this invention can be of any type ( eg IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgY), class ( eg IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule.
[0710] Antibody variants and derivatives include functional antibody fragments that retain the ability to bind to a beta Klotho epitope. Exemplary functional fragments include Fab fragments ( e.g., an antibody fragment that contains the antigen-binding domain and comprises a light chain and part of a heavy chain linked by a disulfide bond); Fab ' ( eg, an antibody fragment containing a single anti-binding domain comprising a Fab and an additional portion of the heavy chain through the hinge region); F (ab ') 2 ( eg, two Fab' molecules linked by interchain disulfide bonds in the hinged regions of heavy chains; Fab 'molecules can target the same or different epitopes); a bispecific Fab ( eg, an Fab molecule that has two antigen-binding domains, each of which can target a different epitope); a single chain Fab chain comprising a variable region, also known as sFv ( eg, the single heavy and light chain antigen-binding variable determining region of an antibody linked by a chain of 10-25 amino acids); a disulfide-linked Fv, or dsFv ( eg, the single heavy and light chain antigen-binding variable determining region of a disulfide-linked antibody); a camelized VH ( eg, the antigen-binding variable determining region of a single heavy chain of an antibody in which some amino acids at the VH interface are those found in the heavy chain of natural camelid antibodies); a bispecific sFv ( eg, an sFv or dsFv molecule that has two antigen-binding domains, each of which can target a different epitope); a diabody ( e.g., a dimerized sFv formed when the VH domain of a first sFv assembles with the VL domain of a second sFv and the VL domain of the first sFv assembles with the VH domain of the second sFv; the two junction regions diabody antigen can target the same or different epitopes); and a tribody ( eg, a trimerized sFv, formed similarly to a diabody, but in which three antigen-binding domains are created in a single complex; the three antigen-binding domains can be directed toward the same or different epitopes). Antibody derivatives also include one or more CDR sequences from an antibody combining site. CDR sequences can be linked together in a scaffold when there are two or more CDR sequences. In certain embodiments, the antibody comprises a single chain Fv ("scFv"). ScFvs are antibody fragments that comprise the VH and VL domains of an antibody, where these domains are present on a single polypeptide chain. The scFv polypeptide may further comprise a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains that allows the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding. For a review of scFvs see Pluckthun in The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, vol. 113, eds. Rosenburg and Moore. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315 (1994).
[0712] 4. Humanized antibodies
[0714] The present disclosure provides humanized antibodies that bind to beta klotho, including human beta klotho and cyno. The humanized antibodies of the present disclosure may comprise one or more CDRs as shown in Tables 1-10. Various procedures for humanizing non-human antibodies are known in the art. For example, a humanized antibody can have one or more amino acid residues introduced into it from a non-human source. These non-human amino acid residues are often referred to as "import" residues, typically taken from an "import" variable domain. Humanization can be carried out, for example, following the procedure of Winter et al. (Jones et al., 1986, Nature 321: 522-525; Riechmann et al., 1988, Nature, 332: 323-327; Verhoeyen et al. , 1988, Science 239: 1534-1536), substituting the sequences of the hypervariable region for the corresponding sequences of a human antibody.
[0716] In some cases, humanized antibodies are constructed by CDR grafting, in which the amino acid sequences of the six complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of the parent non-human antibody ( eg, rodent) are grafted onto a human antibody framework. . For example, Padlan et al. (FASEB J.
[0717] 9: 133-139, 1995) determined that only about one-third of the residues in CDRs actually contact antigen, and termed them "specificity determining residues," or SDRs. In the SDR grafting technique, only the SDR residues are grafted onto the human antibody framework (see, eg, Kashmiri et al., Methods 36 .: 25-34, 2005).
[0719] The choice of human variable domains, both light and heavy, for use in the manufacture of humanized antibodies may be important in reducing antigenicity. For example, according to the so-called "best fit" procedure, the sequence of the variable domain of a non-human antibody ( eg, rodent) is screened against the entire library of known human variable domain sequences. The closest human sequence to that of the rodent can be selected as the human framework) for the humanized antibody (Sims et al., (1993), J. Immunol. 151: 2296; Chothia et al., (1987), J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901 Another method uses a particular structure derived from the consensus sequence of all human antibodies to a particular subgroup of heavy or light chains The same structure can be used for several different humanized antibodies (Carter et al., (1992), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 4285; Presta et al., (1993), J. Immnol. 151: 2623. In some cases, the structure is derived from the consensus sequences of the most abundant human subclasses , the subgroup V ^l 6 I (V ^l 6I) and the subgroup V ^h III (V ^h III). In another procedure, human germline genes are used at the source of the framework regions.
[0721] In an alternative paradigm based on CDR comparison, called superhumanization, the FR homology is Irrelevant. The procedure consists of the comparison of the non-human sequence with the repertoire of functional human germline genes. Then, those genes that encode the same closely related canonical structures as the murine sequences are selected. Next, within the genes that share the canonical structures with the non-human antibody, those with the highest homology within the CDRs are chosen as FR donors. Finally, non-human CDRs are grafted onto these FRs (see, for example, Tan et al., J. Immunol. 169: 1119-1125, 2002).
[0723] Furthermore, it is generally desirable for antibodies to be humanized with retention of their affinity for the antigen and other favorable biological properties. To achieve this goal, according to one method, humanized antibodies are prepared by a method of analysis of the parental sequences and various conceptual humanized products using three-dimensional models of the parental and humanized sequences. Three-dimensional immunoglobulin models are commonly available and familiar to those of skill in the art. Computer programs are available that illustrate and display probable three-dimensional conformational structures of selected candidate immunoglobulin sequences. These include, for example, WAM (Whitelegg and Rees, Protein Eng. 13: 819-824, 2000), Modeller (Sali and Blundell, J. Mol. Biol. 234: 779-815, 1993), and Swiss PDB Viewer ( Guex and Peitsch, Electrophoresis 18: 2714-2713, 1997). Inspection of these displays allows analysis of the possible role of the residues in the functioning of the candidate immunoglobulin sequence, for example. the analysis of residues that influence the ability of the candidate immunoglobulin to bind to its antigen. In this way, FR residues can be selected and combined from the receptor and imported sequences, such that the desired antibody characteristic is achieved, such as a higher affinity for the target antigen (s). In general, hypervariable region residues are directly and more substantially involved in influencing antigen binding.
[0725] Another method for humanizing antibodies is based on a metric of antibody humanity called human chain content (HSC). This procedure compares the mouse sequence with the human germline gene repertoire and the differences are scored as HSC. The target sequence is then humanized by maximizing its HSC rather than using a measure of overall identity to generate multiple humanized variants. (Lazar et al., Mol. Immunol. 44: 1986-1998, 2007).
[0727] In addition to the procedures described above, empirical procedures can be used to generate and select humanized antibodies. These procedures include those that rely on the generation of large libraries of humanized variants and the selection of the best clones using enrichment technologies or high-throughput screening techniques. Antibody variants can be isolated from yeast, ribosome, and phage display libraries, as well as by bacterial colony screening (see, eg, Hoogenboom, Nat. Biotechnol. 23: 1105-1116, 2005; Dufner et al. , Trends Biotechnol. 24: 523-529, 2006; Feldhaus et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 21: 163-70, 2003; Schlapschy et al., Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 17: 847-60, 2004).
[0729] In the FR library strategy, a collection of residue variants is introduced at specific positions in the FR followed by library selection to select the FR that best supports the grafted CDR. The residues to be substituted may include some or all of the "Vernier" residues identified as potentially contributing to the CDR structure (see, for example, Foote and Winter, J. Mol. Biol. 224: 487-499, 1992), or of the more limited set of target residues identified by Baca et al. (J. Biol Chem 272: 10678-10684, 1997).
[0731] In FR shuffling, full-length FRs are combined with non-human CDRs rather than creating combinatorial libraries of selected residue variants (see, eg, Dall'Acqua et al., Methods 36 .: 43-60, 2005). Libraries can be screened for binding in a two-step screening procedure, first humanizing VL, followed by VH. Alternatively, a one-step FR shuffling procedure can be used. Such a procedure has been shown to be more efficient than two-step screening, as the resulting antibodies exhibited improved biochemical and physicochemical properties, including improved expression, higher affinity, and thermal stability (see, for example, Damschroder et al., Mol. Immunol. 44: 3049-60, 2007).
[0733] The "genetic engineering" procedure is based on the experimental identification of Essential Determinants of Minimum Specificity (MSDS) and is based on the sequential replacement of non-human fragments in human RF libraries and evaluation of the Union. It begins with the non-human VH and VL chain CDR3 regions and progressively replaces other non-human antibody regions in human FRs, including the CDR1 and CDR2 of both VH and VL. This methodology typically results in epitope retention and identification of multi-subclass antibodies with different human V segment CDRs. Genetic engineering allows the isolation of antibodies that are 91-96% homologous to human germline gene antibodies. (See, for example, Alfenito, Cambridge Healthtech Institute Third Annual PEGS, The Protein Engineering Summit, 2007).
[0734] The method of "genetic engineering" involves altering a non-human antibody or antibody fragment, such as a mouse or chimeric antibody or antibody fragment, by making specific changes in the amino acid sequence of the antibody to produce a modified antibody with reduced immunogenicity in a human, which nevertheless retains the desirable binding properties of the original non-human antibodies. In general, the technique involves classifying the amino acid residues of a non-human ( eg, mouse) antibody as "low risk", "moderate risk", or "high risk" residues. The ranking is done using an overall risk / reward calculation that assesses the expected benefits of performing a particular substitution ( for example, for immunogenicity in humans) against the risk that the substitution will affect the folding of the resulting antibody and / or are substituted. with human waste. The particular human amino acid residue to be substituted at a given position ( eg, low or moderate risk) of a non-human antibody sequence ( eg, mouse) can be selected by aligning a sequence of the non-human antibody variable regions with the corresponding region of a consensus or specific human antibody sequence. Amino acid residues at low or moderate risk positions in the non-human sequence can be substituted for corresponding residues in the human antibody sequence depending on the alignment. Techniques for the manufacture of proteins by genetic engineering are described in greater detail in Studnicka et al. , Protein Engineering, 7: 805-814 (1994), US Patent Nos. 5,766,886, 5,770,196, 5821123, and 5,869,619, and PCT Application Publication WO 93/11794.
[0736] 5. Human antibodies
[0738] Human anti-beta klotho antibodies can be constructed by combining Fv clone variable domain sequence (s) selected from human-derived phage display libraries with known human constant domain sequence (s). Alternatively, the human monoclonal anti-beta klotho antibodies of the present disclosure can be made by the hybridoma method. Human myeloma and mouse human heteromyeloma cell lines for the production of human monoclonal antibodies have been described, for example, by Kozbor J. Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984); Brodeur et al., Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987); and Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147: 86 (1991).
[0740] It is also possible to produce transgenic animals ( eg, mice) that are capable, after immunization, of producing a complete repertoire of human antibodies in the absence of endogenous immunoglobulin production. Transgenic mice expressing human antibody repertoires have been used to generate high affinity human sequence monoclonal antibodies against a wide variety of potential drug targets (see, for example, Jakobovits, A., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1995, 6 (5): 561-6; Brüggemann and Taussing, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1997, 8 (4): 455-8; US Patent Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584; and Lonberg and col., Nature Biotechnol. 23: 1117-1125, 2005).
[0742] Alternatively, the human antibody can be prepared by immortalizing human B lymphocytes that produce an antibody directed against a target antigen ( eg, such B lymphocytes may be recovered from an individual or may have been immunized in vitro) (see, for example, Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985); Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147 (1): 86-95 (1991); and US Pat. No. 5,750,373).
[0744] Gene shuffling can also be used to derive human antibodies from non-human, eg, rodent, antibodies, where the human antibody has similar affinities and specificities to the initial non-human antibody. According to this procedure, which is also called "epitope imprinting" or "guided selection", the variable region of the heavy or light chain of a non-human antibody fragment obtained by phage display techniques as described in this invention is replaced with a repertoire of human V domain genes, creating a population of non-human chain / human chain scFv or Fab chimeras. Antigen selection results in isolation of a non-human chain / human chain chimeric scFv or Fab where the human chain restores the destroyed antigen-binding site upon removal of the corresponding non-human chain in the phage display clone. primary, ( for example, the guide epitope (imprints) the choice of the human chain partner). When the procedure is repeated to replace the remaining non-human chain, a human antibody is obtained (see, for example, PCT WO 93/06213; and Osbourn et al., Methods., 36, 61-68, 2005) . Unlike traditional humanization of non-human antibodies by CDR grafting, this technique provides fully human antibodies, which have no FR or CDR residues of non-human origin. Examples of guided selection to humanize mouse antibodies against cell surface antigens include the folate-binding protein present in ovarian cancer cells (see, for example, Figini et al., Cancer Res., 58, 991- 996, 1998) and CD147, which is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (see, for example, Bao et al., Cancer Biol. Ther., 4, 1374-1380, 2005).
[0746] A possible disadvantage of the guided selection strategy is that shuffling an antibody chain while held constant the other could result in epitope drift. To maintain the epitope recognized by the non-human antibody, CDR retention can be applied (see, eg, Klimka et al., Br. J. Cancer., 83, 252-260, 2000; VH CDR2 Beiboer et al. , J. Mol. Biol., 296, 833-49, 2000) In this procedure, the non-human VH CDR3 is commonly conserved, since this CDR may be in the center of the antigen-binding site and may be the most important region of the antibody for antigen recognition. In some cases, however, CDR3 VH and CDR3 VL, as well as CDR3 VH, CDR3 VL and CFR1 VL, can be preserved from the non-human antibody.
[0748] 6. Bispecific antibodies
[0750] Bispecific antibodies are monoclonal antibodies that have binding specificities for at least two different antigens. As described in this invention, bispecific antibodies can be human or humanized antibodies. One of the binding specificities can be for beta klotho and the other can be for any other antigen. One of the binding specificities can be for beta klotho, and the other can be for another surface antigen expressed on cells expressing beta klotho and an FGF receptor ( eg, FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, FGFR4). Bispecific antibodies can bind to two different beta klotho epitopes. Bispecific antibodies can be prepared as full-length antibodies or antibody fragments ( eg, F (ab ') 2 bispecific antibodies).
[0752] Procedures for making bispecific antibodies are known in the art, such as, for example, by co-expressing two pairs of immunoglobulin heavy chain-light chains, where the two heavy chains have different specificities (see, for example, Milstein and Neck, Nature, 305: 537 (1983)). For more details on the generation of bispecific antibodies see, for example, Bispecific Antibodies, Kontermann, ed., Springer-Verlag, Hiedelberg (2011).
[0754] 7. Multivalent antibodies
[0756] A multivalent antibody can be internalized (and / or catabolized) faster than a bivalent antibody by a cell expressing an antigen to which the antibodies bind. The antibodies of the present disclosure can be multivalent antibodies (which are other than the IgM class) with three or more antigen-binding sites ( eg, tetravalent antibodies), which can be easily produced by recombinant expression of nucleic acid encoding the chains of antibody polypeptides. The multivalent antibody can comprise a dimerization domain and three or more antigen-binding sites. The dimerization domain may comprise (or consist of) an Fc region or a hinge region. In this scenario, the antibody will comprise an Fc region and three or more antigen-binding sites amino-terminal to the Fc region. A multivalent antibody can comprise (or consist of) from three to about eight antigen-binding sites. A multivalent antibody can comprise (or consist of) four antigen-binding sites. The multivalent antibody comprises at least one polypeptide chain (eg, two polypeptide chains), where the polypeptide chain (s) comprise two or more variable domains. For example, the polypeptide chain (s) may comprise VD1- (X1) n-VD2- (X2) n-Fc, where VD1 is a first variable domain, VD2 is a second variable domain, Fc is a chain polypeptide of an Fc region, X1 and X2 represent an amino acid or polypeptide, and n is 0 or 1. For example, the polypeptide chain (s) may comprise: a VH-CH1 region chain-flexible linker -VH-CH1-Fc; or a VH-CH1-VH-CH1-Fc region chain. The multivalent antibody in this invention may further comprise at least two (eg, four) light chain variable domain polypeptides. The multivalent antibody in this invention can comprise, for example, from about two to about eight light chain variable domain polypeptides. Light chain variable domain polypeptides contemplated in this invention comprise a light chain variable domain and optionally further comprise a CL domain.
[0758] 8. Fc Engineering
[0760] It may be desirable to modify an antibody that binds beta klotho by Fc engineering, including, with respect to effector function, for example, to decrease or eliminate antigen-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) and / or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of the antibody. This can be accomplished by introducing one or more amino acid substitutions into an Fc region of the antibody. For example, substitutions in human IgG1 using IgG2 residues such as positions 233-236 and IgG4 residues at positions 327, 330 and 331 were shown to greatly reduce ADCC and CDC (see, for example, Armor et al. ., Eur. J. Immunol.
[0761] 29: (8): 2613-24 (1999); Shields et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276 (9): 6591-604 (2001).
[0763] To increase the serum half-life of the antibody, a rescue receptor binding epitope can be incorporated into the antibody (especially an antibody fragment), for example, as described in US Patent No. 5,739 .277. The term "rescue receptor binding epitope" refers to an epitope from the Fc region of a IgG molecule ( eg, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4) that is responsible for the increase in serum half-life in vivo of the IgG molecule.
[0765] 9. Alternative bonding agents
[0767] The present disclosure encompasses non-immunoglobulin binding agents that specifically bind to the same epitope as an anti-beta klotho antibody described in this invention. As described in this invention, a non-immunoglobulin binding agent is identified as an agent that is displaced or displaced by an anti-beta-klotho antibody of the present disclosure in a competitive binding assay. These alternative binding agents can include, for example, any of the engineered protein scaffolds known in the art. Such scaffolds can comprise one or more CDRs as shown in Tables 1-10. Such scaffolds include, for example, anticalins, which are based on the lipocalin scaffold, a protein structure characterized by a rigid beta barrel that supports four hypervariable loops that form the ligand binding site. Novel binding specificities can be engineered by targeted random mutagenesis in the loop regions, in combination with functional visualization and guided selection (see, eg, Skerra (2008) FEBS J. 275: 2677-2683). Other suitable scaffolds may include, for example, adnectins or monobodies, based on the 10th extracellular domain of human fibronectin III (see, for example, Koide and Koide (2007) Methods Mol. Biol.
[0768] 352: 95-109); post-bodies, based on the Z domain of staphylococcal protein A (see, for example, Nygren et al. (2008) FEBS J. 275: 2668-2676)); DARPins, based on ankyrin repeat proteins (see, eg, Stumpp et al. (2008) Drug. Discov. Today 13: 695-701); finomers, based on the SH3 domain of the human Fyn protein kinase Grabulovski et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282: 3196-3204); afitins, based on Sulfolobus acidolarius Sac7d (see, for example, Krehenbrink et al. (2008) J. Mol. Biol. 383: 1058-1068); afylins, based on human yB-crystallin (see, for example, Ebersbach et al. (2007) J. Mol. Biol. 372: 172-185); avimers, based on the A domains of membrane receptor proteins (see, for example, Silverman et al. (2005) Biotechnol. 23: 1556-1561); cysteine-rich knotin peptides (see, for example, Kolmar (2008) FEBS J. 275: 2684-2690); and engineered Kunitz-type inhibitors (see, eg, Nixon and Wood (2006) Curr. Opin. Drug. Discov. Dev. 9: 261-268) For a review, see, eg, Gebauer and Skerra (2009 ) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 13: 245-255.
[0770] Antibody variants
[0772] As described in this invention, modifications of the amino acid sequence of the antibodies that bind to beta klotho or described in this invention are contemplated. For example, it may be desirable to improve the binding affinity and / or other biological properties of the antibody, including but not limited to specificity, thermostability, level of expression, effector functions, glycosylation, reduced immunogenicity, or solubility. This, in addition to the anti-beta klotho antibodies described in this invention, it is contemplated that variants of anti-beta klotho antibodies can be prepared. For example, anti-beta klotho antibody variants can be prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes in the coding DNA, and / or by synthesizing the desired antibody or polypeptide. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that amino acid changes can alter post-translational procedures of the anti-beta klotho antibody, such as changing the number or position of glycosylation sites or altering membrane anchoring characteristics.
[0774] The antibodies of the present invention can be chemically modified, for example, by covalently attaching any type of molecule to the antibody. Antibody derivatives can include antibodies that have been chemically modified, for example, by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known blocking / protecting groups, proteolytic cleavage, binding to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc. Numerous chemical modifications can be carried out by known techniques including, but not limited to, specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formulation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. Furthermore, the antibody may contain one or more non-classical amino acids.
[0776] Variations can be a substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more codons encoding the antibody or polypeptide that results in a change in amino acid sequence compared to the native sequence antibody or polypeptide. Amino acid substitutions can be the result of replacing one amino acid with another amino acid that has similar structural and / or chemical properties, such as substituting a leucine with a serine, eg , conservative amino acid substitutions. Insertions or deletions can optionally be in the range of about 1 to 5 amino acids. The substitution, deletion or insertion can include less than 25 amino acid substitutions, less than 20 amino acid substitutions, less than 15 amino acid substitutions, less than 10 amino acid substitutions, less than 5 amino acid substitutions, less than 4 amino acid substitutions, less than 3 amino acid substitutions, or less than 2 amino acid substitutions relative to the original molecule. The substitution can be a conservative amino acid substitution made at one or more predicted nonessential amino acid residues.
[0777] Allowable variation can be determined by systematically making amino acid insertions, deletions, or substitutions in the sequence and testing the resulting variants for the activity displayed by the full-length or mature native sequence.
[0779] Amino acid sequence insertions include amino and / or carboxyl terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing one hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequential insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues. Examples of terminal insertions include an antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue. Other insertion variants of the antibody molecule include fusion of the N- or C-terminus of the antibody to an enzyme (eg, for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy) or a polypeptide that increases the serum half-life of the antibody.
[0781] Substantial modifications in the biological properties of the antibody are achieved by selecting substitutions that differ significantly in their effect to maintain (a) the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the area of substitution, for example, as a sheet or helical conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at the target site, or (c) most of the side chain. Alternatively, conservative substitutions (for example, within a group of amino acids with similar properties and / or side chains) can be made, to maintain or not significantly change the properties. Amino acids can be grouped according to the similarities in the properties of their side chains (see, for example, AL Lehninger, in Biochemistry, 2nd ed., Pp. 73-75, Worth Publishers, New York (1975)): (1) nonpolar: Ala (A), Val (V), Leu (L), Ile (I), Pro (P), Phe (F), Trp (W), Met (M); (2) polar uncharged: Gly (G), Ser (S), Thr (T), Cys (C), Tyr (Y), Asn (N), Gln (Q); (3) acids: Asp (D), Glu (E); and (4) basic: Lys (K), Arg (R), His (H).
[0783] Alternatively, natural residues can be divided into groups based on common side chain properties: (1) hydrophobic: norleucine, Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile; (2) neutral hydrophiles: Cys, Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln; (3) acids: Asp, Glu; (4) basic: His, Lys, Arg; (5) residues that influence chain orientation: Gly, Pro; and (6) aromatics: Trp, Tyr, Phe.
[0785] Non-conservative substitutions involve exchanging a member of one of these classes for another class. Such substituted residues can also be introduced at the conservative substitution sites, or at the remaining (non-conserved) sites. Consequently, as described in this invention, an antibody or fragment thereof that binds to a beta klotho epitope comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%. , at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99 % identical to the amino acid sequence of a murine monoclonal antibody described in this invention. As described in this invention, an antibody or fragment thereof that binds to a beta klotho epitope comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95% or at least 99% identical to a amino acid sequence represented in Tables 1-10. As described in this invention, an antibody or fragment thereof that binds to a beta klotho epitope comprises a CDR VH and / or CDR VL amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95% or at least 99% identical to a CDR VH amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 1-10 and / or a CDR VL amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 1-10. Variations can be made using procedures known in the art, such as oligonucleotide-mediated (site-directed) mutagenesis, alanine scanning, and PCR mutagenesis. Site-directed mutagenesis (see, eg, Carter et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 13: 4331 (1986); Zoller et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 10: 6487 (1987)), mutagenesis In cassette (see, eg , Wells et al., Gene, 34: 315 (1985)), restriction selection mutagenesis (see, eg, Wells et al., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London SerA, 317: 415 (1986)) or other known techniques can be performed on the cloned DNA to produce the variant DNA of the anti-beta klotho antibody.
[0787] Any cysteine residue that is not involved in maintaining the proper conformation of the anti-beta klotho antibody can also be substituted, for example, with another amino acid such as alanine or serine, to improve the oxidative stability of the molecule and prevent cross-linking. aberrant. Conversely, cysteine linkages can be added to the anti-beta klotho antibody to improve its stability ( eg, when the antibody is an antibody fragment such as an Fv fragment).
[0789] An anti-beta klotho antibody molecule of the present disclosure may be "deimmunized" antibody. A "deimmunized" anti-beta klotho antibody is an antibody derived from a humanized or chimeric anti-beta klotho antibody, which has one or more alterations in its amino acid sequence that results in a reduction in the immunogenicity of the antibody, compared to the respective unimmunized parent antibody. One of the procedures for generating such mutant antibodies involves the identification and removal of epitopes from cells. T of the antibody molecule. In a first step, the immunogenicity of the antibody molecule can be determined by various methods, for example, by in vitro determination of T cell epitopes or in silico prediction of such epitopes, as is known in the art. Once the critical residues for T cell epitope function have been identified, mutations can be made to eliminate immunogenicity and preserve antibody activity. For a review, see, eg, Jones et al., Methods in Molecular Biology 525: 405-423, 2009.
[0791] 1. In vitro affinity maturation
[0793] As described in this invention, antibody variants having an improved property such as affinity, stability, or level of expression compared to a parent antibody can be prepared by in vitro affinity maturation. Like the natural prototype, in vitro affinity maturation is based on the principles of mutation and selection. Antibody libraries are displayed as Fab, scFv, or V domain fragments, either on the surface of an organism ( eg, phage, bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells) or in association ( eg, covalent or non-covalent) with its coding mRNA or DNA. The affinity selection of the antibodies shown allows the isolation of organisms or complexes that carry the genetic information encoding the antibodies. Two or three rounds of mutation and selection through visualization procedures such as phage display usually result in antibody fragments with affinities in the low nanomolar range. Preferred affinity matured antibodies will have nanomolar or even picomolar affinities for the target antigen.
[0795] Phage display is an extended procedure for the visualization and selection of antibodies. Antibodies show up on the surface of Fd or M13 bacteriophages as fusions to the coat protein of the bacteriophage. Selection involves exposure to the antigen to allow phage-displayed antibodies to bind to their targets, a procedure called "scanning." Phage bound to the antigen are recovered and infected into bacteria to produce phage for additional rounds of selection. For review, see, for example, Hoogenboom, Methods. Mol. Biol. 178: 1-37, 2002; Bradbury and Marks, J. Immuno. Methods 290: 29-49, 2004).
[0797] In a yeast presentation system (see, for example, Boder et al., Nat. Biotech. 15: 553-57, 1997; Chao et al., Nat. Protocols 1: 755-768, 2006), the antibody can shown as single chain variable fusions (scFv) in which the heavy and light chains are connected by a flexible linker. The scFv is fused to the adhesion subunit of the yeast agglutinin protein Aga2p, which binds to the yeast cell wall via disulfide bonds to Aga1p. Visualization of a protein through Aga2p projects the protein away from the cell surface, minimizing possible interactions with other molecules on the yeast cell wall. Magnetic separation and flow cytometry are used to screen the library for antibodies with improved affinity or stability. Binding to a soluble antigen of interest is determined by labeling the yeast with biotinylated antigen and a secondary reagent, such as streptavidin conjugated to a fluorophore. Variations in antibody surface expression can be measured by immunofluorescence labeling of the hemagglutinin marker or the c-Myc epitope flanking the scFv. Expression has been shown to correlate with the stability of the protein shown, and therefore antibodies can be selected to improve stability as well as affinity (see, for example, Shusta et al., J. Mol Biol.
[0798] 292: 949-956, 1999). An additional advantage of presentation in yeast is that the proteins shown are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic yeast cells, taking advantage of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and quality control machinery. Once maturation is complete, antibody affinity can be conveniently "titrated" while displayed on the yeast surface, eliminating the need for expression and purification of each clone. A theoretical limitation of yeast surface display is the potentially smaller functional library size than other visualization procedures; however, a recent strategy uses the yeast cell mating system to create a combinatorial diversity estimated to be 1014 in size (see, for example, US Pat.
[0799] 2003 / 0186,374; Blaise et al, Gene 342 .: 211-218, 2004).
[0801] At ribosome presentation, antibody-ribosome-mRNA complexes (ARM) are generated for selection in a cell-free system. The DNA library encoding a particular antibody library is genetically fused to a spacer sequence that lacks a stop codon. This spacer sequence, when translated, is still attached to the peptidyl tRNA and occupies the ribosomal tunnel, thus allowing the protein of interest to protrude from the ribosome and fold. The resulting complex of mRNA, ribosome, and protein can bind to the surface-bound ligand, allowing simultaneous isolation of the antibody and its encoding mRNA through affinity capture with the ligand. The ribosome-bound mRNA is reverted and transcribed back into cDNA, which can then undergo mutagenesis and use in the next round of selection (see, for example, Fukuda et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 34, E127, 2006 ). In mRNA visualization, a covalent bond is established between the antibody and the mRNA using puromycin as the molecule adapter (Wilson et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 3750-3755, 2001).
[0803] As these procedures are performed completely in vitro, they provide two main advantages over other screening technologies. First, the diversity of the library is not limited by the transformation efficiency of the bacterial cells, but only by the number of ribosomes and the different mRNA molecules present in the test tube. Second, random mutations can be easily introduced after each round of selection, for example by polymerases without proofreading, since no library should be transformed after any diversification step.
[0805] Diversity can be introduced into the CDRs or the entire V genes of the antibody libraries in a targeted manner or by random introduction. The first strategy includes sequential targeting of all CDRs of an antibody by high or low level mutagenesis or targeting isolated somatic hypermutation hot spots (see, eg, Ho, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 280: 607-617, 2005) or residues suspected of affecting affinity on experimental grounds or structural reasons. Random mutations can be introduced throughout the V gene using mutant strains of E. coli , error-prone replication with DNA polymerases (see, eg, Hawkins et al., J. Mol. Biol. 226: 889-896, 1992) or RNA replicases. Diversity can also be introduced by replacing regions that are naturally diverse through DNA shuffling or similar techniques (see, for example, Lu et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278: 43496-43507, 2003; the US Patent No. 5,565,332; US Patent No. 6,989,250). Alternative techniques target hypervariable loops that span the framework region residues (see, eg, Bond et al., J. Mol. Biol. 348: 699-709, 2005) employing loop deletions and insertions in CDR or use hybridization-based diversification (see, for example, US Patent Publication No. 2004/0005709). Additional procedures for generating diversity in CDRs are described, for example, in US Patent No. 7,985,840.
[0806] Screening of libraries can be accomplished by various techniques known in the art. For example, beta klotho can be immobilized on solid supports, columns, pins, or cellulose / polyvinylidene fluoride / other filters, expressed in host cells attached to adsorption plates or used in cell sorting, or conjugated with biotin for capture with streptavidin coated beads, or used in any other procedure to scan display libraries.
[0808] For a review of in vitro affinity maturation procedures, see, for example, Hoogenboom, Nature Biotechnology 23: 1105-1116, 2005 and Quiroz and Sinclair, journal Ingeneria Biomedia 4: 39-51, 2010 and references therein .
[0810] 2. Modifications of antibeta-klotho antibodies
[0812] Covalent modifications of anti-beta klotho antibodies include the reaction of targeted amino acid residues of an anti-beta klotho antibody with an organic derivatizing agent that is capable of reacting with selected side chains or the N- or C-terminal residues of the antibody. anti-beta klotho. Other modifications include deamidation of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues to corresponding glutamyl and aspartyl residues, respectively, hydroxylation of proline and lysine, phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of seryl or threonyl residues, methylation of α-amino groups of chains lysine, arginine, and histidine sides (see, for example, TE Creighton, Proteins: Structure and Molecular Properties, WH Freeman & Co., San Francisco, pp. 79-86 (1983)), acetylation of the N-terminal amine and the amidation of any C-terminal carboxyl group.
[0814] Other types of covalent modification of the anti-beta klotho antibody include alteration of the native glycosylation pattern of the antibody or polypeptide (see, eg, Beck et al., Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 9: 482-501,2008; Walsh, Drug Discov. Today 15: 773-780, 2010), and the binding of the antibody to one of a variety of non-protein polymers, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, or polyoxyalkylenes, in the manner established, for example, in US Patent Nos. 4,640,835; 4,496,689; 4,301,144; 4,670,417; 4,791,192 or 4,179,337.
[0816] An anti-beta klotho antibody of the present disclosure can also be modified to form chimeric molecules comprising an anti-beta klotho antibody fused to another heterologous polypeptide or amino acid sequence, eg, an epitope marker (see, for example, Terpe, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60: 523-533, 2003) or the Fc region of an IgG molecule (see, for example, Aruffo, "Immunoglobulin fusion proteins" in Antibody Fusion Proteins, SM Chamow and A. Ashkenazi, eds. , Wiley-Liss, New York, 1999, pp. 221-242).
[0818] Also described in this invention are fusion proteins comprising an antibody provided in this invention that binds to a beta klotho antigen and a heterologous polypeptide. The heterologous polypeptide to which the antibody is fused is useful in targeting the antibody to cells that have beta klotho expressed on the cell surface.
[0819] Also described in this invention are panels of antibodies that bind to a beta klotho antigen. Antibody panels have different association rate constants, different dissociation rate constants, different affinities for the beta klotho antigen, and / or different specificities for a beta klotho antigen. Panels may comprise or consist of about 10, about 25, about 50, about 75, about 100, about 125, about 150, about 175, about 200, about 250, about 300, about 350, about 400, about 450, about 500, about 550, about 600, about 650, about 700, about 750, about 800, about 850, about 900, about 950, or about 1,000 antibodies or more. Antibody panels can be used, for example, in 96-well or 384-well plates, such as for assays such as ELISA.
[0821] Preparation of antibeta-klotho antibodies
[0823] Anti-beta klotho antibodies can be produced by culturing cells transformed or transfected with a vector containing nucleic acids encoding the anti-beta klotho antibody. The polynucleotide sequences encoding the polypeptide components of the antibody of the present disclosure can be obtained using standard recombinant techniques. The desired polynucleotide sequences can be isolated and sequenced from antibody-producing cells such as hybridoma cells. Alternatively, the polynucleotides can be synthesized using a nucleotide synthesizer or PCR techniques. Once obtained, the sequences encoding the polypeptides are inserted into a recombinant vector capable of replicating and expressing heterologous polynucleotides in host cells. Many vectors that are available and known in the art can be used for the purpose of the present disclosure. The selection of an appropriate vector will depend primarily on the size of the nucleic acids to be inserted into the vector and the particular host cell that will be transformed with the vector. Suitable host cells for the expression of antibodies of the present disclosure include prokaryotes such as archaebacteria and eubacteria, including gram-negative or gram-positive organisms, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast, invertebrate cells such as insect cells or from plants, and vertebrate cells such as mammalian host cell lines. Host cells are transformed with the expression vectors described above and cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate to induce promoters, select for transformants, or amplify genes encoding the desired sequences. Antibodies produced by host cells are purified using standard protein purification procedures as known in the art.
[0825] Procedures for antibody production, including vector construction, expression, and purification are further described in Plückthun et al., (1996) in Antibody Engineering: Producing antibodies in Escherichia coli: From PCR to fermentation (McCafferty, J. , Hoogenboom, HR, and Chiswell, DJ, eds), 1 ed., Pp. 203-252, IRL Press, Oxford; Kwong, K. & Rader, C., E. coli, expression and purification of Fab antibody fragments Current protocols in protein science editorial board John E Coligan et al., Chapter 6, Unit 6.10 (2009); Tachibana and Takekoshi, "Production of Antibody Fab Fragments in Escherischia coli," in Antibody Expression and Production, M. Al-Rubeai, Ed., Springer, New York, 2011; Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Clinic (ed Z. An), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA.
[0827] Of course, it is contemplated that alternative procedures, which are well known in the art, may be employed to prepare anti-beta klotho antibodies. For example, the appropriate amino acid sequence, or parts thereof, can be produced by direct peptide synthesis using solid phase techniques (see, for example, Stewart et al., Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, WH Freeman Co., San Francisco , CA (1969); Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85: 2149-2154 (1963)) In vitro protein synthesis can be performed using manual techniques or by automation. Various parts of the anti-beta klotho antibody can be chemically synthesized separately and combined using chemical or enzymatic procedures to produce the desired anti-beta klotho antibody. Alternatively, the antibodies can be purified from cells or body fluids, such as milk, of a transgenic animal engineered to express the antibody, as described, for example, in US Pat. 5,545,807 and US Patent No. 5,827,690.
[0829] Immunoconjugates
[0831] The present disclosure also provides conjugates comprising an anti-beta klotho antibody of the present invention covalently linked by a synthetic linker to one or more non-antibody agents.
[0832] A variety of radioactive isotopes are available for the production of radioconjugated antibodies. Examples include At 211, I4, I4, Y4, Re4, Re4, SM4, Bi4, P4, Pb4, and radioactive isotopes of Lu. When the conjugate is used for detection, it can comprise a radioactive atom for scintigraphy studies, for example tc4 or 14, or a spinner for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging (also known as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as iodine-123 again, iodine-131, indium-111, fluorine-19, carbon-13, nitrogen-15, oxygen-17, gadolinium, manganese or iron. Radioisotopes can be incorporated into the conjugate in known ways as described, for example, in Reilly, "The radiochemistry of monoclonal antibodies and peptides," in Monoclonal Antibody and Peptide-Targeted Radiotherapy of Cancer, RM Reilly, ed., Wiley, Hoboken NJ, 2010.
[0834] The antibodies of the present invention can be recombinantly conjugated or fused to a diagnostic, detectable or therapeutic agent or any other molecule. Recombinant conjugated or fused antibodies may be useful, for example, to monitor or predict the onset, development, progression, and / or severity of beta klotho-mediated disease as part of a clinical trial procedure, such as determining efficacy. of a particular therapy.
[0836] Such diagnosis and detection can be achieved, for example, by coupling the antibody to detectable substances including, but not limited to, various enzymes, such as, but not limited to, horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase; prosthetic groups, such as, but not limited to, streptavidin / biotin and avidin / biotin; fluorescent materials, such as, but not limited to, umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, dichlorotriazinylamine fluorescein, dansyl chloride, or phycoerythrin; luminescent materials, such as, but not limited to, luminol; bioluminescent materials, such as, but not limited to, luciferase, luciferin, and aequorin; chemiluminescent material, such as, but not limited to, an acridinium-based compound or a HALOTAG; Radioactive materials, such as, but not limited to, iodine (131I, 125I, 123I, and 121I,), carbon (14C), sulfur (35S), tritium (3H), indium (115In, 113In, 112In, and 111In ,), Technetium (99Tc), Thallium (201Ti), Gallium (68Ga, 67Ga), Palladium (103Pd), Molybdenum (99Mo), Xenon (133Xe), Fluorine (18F), 153Sm, 177Lu, 159Gd, 149Pm, 140La, 175Yb, 166Ho, 90Y, 47Sc, 186Re, 188Re, 142Pr, 105Rh, 97Ru, 68Ge, 57Co, 65Zn, 85Sr, 32P, 153Gd, 169Yb, 51Cr, 54Mn, 75Se, 113Sn, and 117Sn; and positron-emitting metals using various non-radioactive paramagnetic metal ion and positron emission scans.
[0838] Also provided in this invention are antibodies of the present invention that are recombinantly conjugated or fused to a therapeutic moiety (or one or more therapeutic moieties), as well as uses thereof. The antibody can be recombinantly conjugated or fused to a therapeutic moiety, including a cytotoxin such as a cytostatic or cytocidal agent, a therapeutic agent, or a radioactive metal ion such as alpha emitters. A cytotoxin or cytotoxic agent includes any agent that is detrimental to cells.
[0840] Furthermore, an antibody of the present invention can be recombinantly conjugated or fused to a therapeutic moiety or pharmacological moiety that modifies a given biological response. Therapeutic moieties or drug moieties should not be construed as limited to classical chemical therapeutic agents. For example, the drug moiety can be a protein, peptide, or polypeptide that possesses a desired biological activity. Such proteins can include, for example, a toxin such as abrin, ricin A, pseudomonas exotoxin, cholera toxin, or diphtheria toxin; a protein such as tumor necrosis factor, interferon y, interferon a, nerve growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, tissue plasminogen activator, an apoptotic agent, eg, TNF-y, TNF-y, AIM I ( see, eg, International Publication No. WO 97/33899), AIM II (see, eg, International Publication No. WO 97/34911), Fas ligand (see, eg, Takahashi et al. , 1994, J. Immunol., 6: 1567-1574), and VEGF (see, for example, International Publication No. W or 99/23105), an antiangiogenic agent, including, for example, angiostatin, endostatin, or a component of the coagulation pathway ( eg, tissue factor); or a biological response modifier such as, for example, a lymphokine ( eg, interferon gamma, interleukin-1 ("IL-1"), interleukin-2 ("IL-2"), interleukin-5 ("IL-5 "), interleukin-6 (" iL-6 "), interleukin-7 (" IL-7 "), interleukin 9 (" IL-9 "), interleukin-10 (" IL-10 "), interleukin-12 ( "IL-12"), interleukin-15 ("IL-15"), interleukin-23 ("IL-23"), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor ("GM-CSF") and colony stimulating factor of granulocytes ("G -CSF")), or a growth factor ( eg, growth hormone ("GH")), or a clotting agent ( eg, calcium, vitamin K, tissue factors, such as, but are not limited to, Hageman factor (factor XII), high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), prekallikrein (PK), factor II coagulation proteins (prothrombin), factor V, Xlla, VIII, Xllla, XI, Xla, IX, IXa, X, phospholipids and fibrin monomer).
[0842] Also provided in this invention are antibodies of the present invention that are recombinantly fused or chemically conjugated (covalent or non-covalent conjugations) with a heterologous protein or polypeptide (or a fragment thereof, for example, to a polypeptide of about 10 , about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50, about 60, about 70, about 80, about 90, or about 100 amino acids) to generate fusion proteins, as well as uses thereof. In particular, provided in this invention are fusion proteins comprising an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody of the present invention ( e.g., a Fab fragment, Fd fragment, Fv fragment, F (ab) 2 fragment, a VH domain , a VH CDR, a VL domain or a VL CDR) and a heterologous protein, polypeptide or peptide. The protein, polypeptide, or heterologous peptide to which the antibody is fused may be useful in targeting the antibody to a particular cell type, such as a cell that expresses beta klotho or a beta klotho receptor. For example, an antibody that binds to a cell surface receptor expressed by a particular cell type ( eg, an immune cell) can be fused or conjugated to a modified antibody described in this invention.
[0844] Furthermore, an antibody of the present invention can be conjugated to therapeutic moieties such as a radioactive metal ion, such as alpha emitters such as 213 Bi or macrocyclic chelators useful for conjugating radiometallic ions, including but not limited to, 131In, 131LU, 131Y, 131Ho, 131Sm, with polypeptides. The macrocyclic chelator can be 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N ', N ", N" -tetraacetic acid (DOTA) which can bind to the antibody through a linker molecule. Such linker molecules are commonly known in the art and are described, for example, in Denardo et al., 1998, Clin Cancer Res. 4 (10): 2483-90; Peterson et al., 1999, Bioconjug. Chem. 10 (4): 553-7; and Zimmerman et al., 1999, Nucl. Medicine. Biol. 26 (8): 943-50.
[0846] In addition, the antibodies of the present invention can be fused to marker or "tag" sequences, such as a peptide to facilitate purification. The amino acid sequence of the marker or tag can be a hexahistidine peptide, such as the tag provided in a pQE vector (see, eg, QIAGEN, Inc.), among others, many of which are commercially available. For example, as described in Gentz et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 821-824, hexahistidine provides convenient purification of the fusion protein. Other useful peptide tags for purification include, but are not limited to, the hemagglutinin ("HA") tag, which corresponds to an epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein (Wilson et al., 1984, Cell 37: 767), and the "FLAG" label.
[0848] Procedures for fusing or conjugating therapeutic moieties (including polypeptides) with antibodies are well known, (see, eg, Arnon et al., "Monoclonal Antibodies For Immunotargeting Of Drugs In Cancer Therapy" in, Monoclonal Antibodies And Cancer Therapy, Reisfeld et al. col. (Eds.), pp. 243-56 (Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1985); Hellstrom et al., "Antibodies For Drug Delivery", in Controlled Drug Delivery (2nd ed.), Robinson et al. ( Eds.), Pp.
[0849] 623-53 (Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1987); Thorpe, "Antibody Carriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy: A Review", in Monoclonal Antibodies 84: Biological And Clinical Applications, Pinchera et al. (Eds.), Pp. 475-506 (1985); "nalysis, Results, And Future Prospective Of The Therapeutic Use Of Radiolabeled Antibody In Cancer Therapy", in Monoclonal Antibodies For Cancer Detection And Therapy, Baldwin et al. (Eds.), Pp. 303-16 (Academic Press 1985), Thorpe et al., 1982, Immunol. Rev. 62: 119-58; US Patent Nos. 5,336,603, 5,622,929, 5,359,046, 5,349,053, 5,447,851, 5,723,125, 5,783,181, 5,908,626, 5,844,095, and 5,112,946; EP 307434; EP 367 166; EP 394827; PCT publications WO 91/06570, WO 96/04388, WO 96/22024, WO 97/34631 and WO 99/04813; Ashkenazi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88: 10535-10539, 1991; Traunecker et al., Nature, 331: 84-86, 1988; Zheng et al., J. Immunol., 154: 5590-5600, 1995; Vil et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 11337-11341, 1992).
[0851] Fusion proteins can be generated, for example, by the techniques of gene shuffling, motif shuffling, exon shuffling, and / or codon shuffling (collectively referred to as "DNA shuffling"). DNA shuffling can be used to alter the activities of anti-beta klotho antibodies as described in this invention, including, for example, antibodies with higher affinities and lower dissociation rates (see, for example, US patents US Nos. 5,605,793, 5,811,238, 5,830,721, 5834252, and 5,837,458; Patten et al., 1997, Curr Opinion Biotechnol. 8: 724-33; Harayama, 1998, Trends Biotechnol. 16 (2): 76-82; Hansson et al., 1999, J. Mol. Biol. 287: 265-76; and Lorenzo and Blasco, 1998, Biotechniques 24 (2): 308-313). Antibodies, or encoded antibodies, can be altered by being subjected to random mutagenesis by error-prone PCR, random nucleotide insertion, or other procedures prior to recombination. A polynucleotide encoding an antibody provided in this invention can be recombined with one or more components, motifs, sections, parts, domains, fragments, etc. of one or more heterologous molecules.
[0853] A provided antibody of the present invention can also be conjugated to a second antibody to form an antibody heteroconjugate as described, for example, in US Patent No. 4,676,980.
[0854] The therapeutic moiety or drug recombinantly conjugated or fused to an antibody of the present invention that binds beta klotho ( eg, beta klotho polypeptide, fragment, epitope) should be chosen to achieve the prophylactic effect (s). ) or desired therapeutic (s). The antibody can be a modified antibody. A physician or other medical personnel may consider, for example, the following when deciding on which therapeutic moiety or drug to recombinantly conjugate or fuse to an antibody provided in this invention: the nature of the disease, the severity of the disease, and the state of the subject.
[0856] Antibodies that bind to beta klotho as provided in this invention can also bind to solid supports, which are particularly useful for immunoassays or purification of the target antigen. Such solid supports include, but are not limited to, glass, cellulose, polyacrylamide, nylon, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, or polypropylene.
[0857] The linker can be a "cleavable linker" that facilitates the release of the conjugated agent into the cell, but non-cleavable linkers are also contemplated by this invention. Linkers for use in the conjugates of the present disclosure include, without limitation, acid-labile linkers ( eg, hydrazone linkers), disulfide-containing linkers, peptidase-sensitive linkers ( eg, peptide linkers comprising amino acids, eg. eg valine and / or citrulline such as citrulline-valine or phenylalaninalysine), photolabile linkers, dimethyl linkers (see, eg, Chari et al., Cancer Research 52: 127-131 (1992); US Pat. No. 5,208,020), thioether linkers or hydrophilic linkers designed to evade resistance mediated by multidrug transporters (see, eg. Kovtun et al., Cancer Res. 70: 2528-2537, 2010).
[0859] Antibody and agent conjugates can be manufactured using a variety of bifunctional protein coupling agents such as BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVs, LC-SMCC, MBS, MPBH, SBAP, SIA, SIAB, SMCC, SMPB, SMPH, sulfo-EMCS, sulfo-GMBS, sulfo-KMUS, sulfo-MBS, sulfo-SlAB, sulfo-SMCC, and sulfo-SMPB, and SVSB (succinimidyl- (4-vinyl sulfone) benzoate). The present disclosure further contemplates that antibody conjugates and agents can be prepared using any suitable procedure as described in the art, (see, for example, in Bioconjugate Techniques, 2nd ed., GT Hermanson, ed., Elsevier, San Francisco, 2008).
[0861] Conventional conjugation strategies for antibodies and agents have relied on random conjugation chemistries involving the £ -amino group of Lys residues or the thiol group of Cys residues, resulting in heterogeneous conjugates. Newly developed techniques allow conjugation of site-specific antibodies, resulting in a homogeneous loading and avoiding conjugated subpopulations with altered antigen binding or pharmacokinetics. These include the engineering of "thiomabs" comprising cysteine substitutions at positions in heavy and light chains that provide reactive thiol groups and do not disrupt immunoglobulin folding and assembly or alter antigen binding (see, for example, Junutula et al., J. Immunol. Meth. 332: 41-52 (2008); Junutula et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 26: 925-932, 2008). In another procedure, selenocysteine is co-translationally inserted into an antibody sequence by recoding the UGA stop codon from termination to selenocysteine insertion, allowing site-specific covalent conjugation to the nucleophilic selenocysteine group of selenol in the presence of the other naturally occurring amino acids (see, for example, Hofer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 12451-12456 (2008); Hofer et al., Biochemistry 48 (50): 12047- 12057, 2009).
[0863] Pharmaceutical formulations
[0865] The anti-beta klotho antibodies of the present disclosure can be administered by any route appropriate to the condition to be treated. The antibody will typically be administered parenterally, eg, infusion, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal, and epidural. The dose of antibody will vary, including, depending on the nature and / or severity of the disease, as well as the condition of the subject, they may include doses between 1 mg and 100 mg. Doses can also include those between 1 mg / kg and 15 mg / kg. The dose can be between about 5 mg / kg and about 7.5 mg / kg. The dose can be about 5 mg / kg. The dose can be approximately 7.5 mg / kg. The fixed doses selected from the group consisting of: (a) 375-400 mg every two weeks and (b) 550-600 mg every three weeks. The fixed dose can be 375-400 mg every two weeks. The fixed dose can be 550-600 mg every three weeks. The fixed dose can be 400 mg every two weeks. The fixed dose can be 600 mg every three weeks. Over the course of sequential dosing, a first dose and a second dose can each be between 1 mg / kg and 15 mg / kg with the second dose after the first at between 1 and 4 weeks. The first dose and the second dose can each be between 5 mg / kg and 7.5 mg / kg and the second dose follows the first dose at 2 to 3 weeks. The first dose and the second dose can each be 5 mg / kg and the second dose follows the first dose at 2 weeks. The first dose and the second dose can each be 7.5 mg / kg and the second dose follows the first dose at 3 weeks.
[0867] For the treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions, the antibody can be administered by intravenous infusion. The dosage administered by infusion is in the range of about 1 pg / m2 to about 10,000 pg / m2 per dose, generally one dose per week for a total of one, two, three or four doses. Alternatively, the dosage range is from about 1 pg / m2 to about 1000 pg / m2, from about 1 pg / m2 to about 800 pg / m2, from about 1 pg / m2 to about 600 pg / m2, from about 1 pg / m2 to approximately 400 pg / m2; alternatively, from about 10 pg / m2 to about 500 pg / m2, from about 10 pg / m2 to about 300 pg / m2, from about 10 pg / m2 to about 200 pg / m2, and from about 1 pg / m2 to about 200 pg / m2. The dose can be administered once a day, once a week, several times a week, but less than once a day, several times a month, but less than once a day, several times a month, but less than once a week, once a month, or intermittently to mitigate or alleviate symptoms of the disease, disorder, or condition. Administration may continue at any of the ranges described until amelioration of the disease, disorder, or condition, or amelioration of symptoms of the disease, disorder, or condition being treated. Administration may continue after remission or relief of symptoms is achieved when such remission or relief is prolonged by such continuous administration.
[0869] In one aspect, the present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising at least one anti-beta klotho antibody of the present invention. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical formulation comprises 1) an anti-beta klotho antibody of the present invention, and 2) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A pharmaceutical formulation may also comprise 1) an anti-beta klotho antibody of the present invention and / or an immunoconjugate thereof, and optionally, 2) at least one additional therapeutic agent.
[0871] Pharmaceutical formulations comprising an antibody are prepared for storage by mixing the antibody having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers (see, for example , Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980)) in the form of aqueous solutions or lyophilized formulations or other dry formulations. The formulations in this invention may also contain more than one active compound as necessary for the particular indication being treated, preferably those with complementary activities that do not adversely affect each other. For example, in addition to an anti-beta klotho antibody, it may be desirable to include in the formulation an additional antibody, for example, a second anti-beta klotho antibody that binds to a different epitope on the beta klotho polypeptide, or an antibody for some other target. Alternatively, or additionally, the composition may further comprise another agent, including, for example, a chemotherapeutic agent, a cytotoxic agent, cytokine, growth inhibitory agent, anti-hormonal and / or cardioprotective agent. The formulation may include an alkylating agent ( eg, chlorambucil, bendamustine hydrochloride, or cyclophosphamide), a nucleoside analog ( eg, fludurabine, pentostatin, cladribine, or cytarabine), a corticosteroid ( eg, prednisone, prednisolone, or methylprednisomodulatory agent), a ( eg, lenalidomide), an antibiotic ( eg, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, or mitoxentrone), a synthetic flavone ( eg, flavopiridol), a Bcl2 antagonist, ( eg, oblimersen or ABT-263), a hypomethylating agent ( eg, azacitidine or decitabine), a FLT3 inhibitor ( eg, midostaurin, sorafenib, and AC220). Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the intended purpose.
[0873] The antibodies of the present disclosure can be formulated in any form suitable for administration to a target cell / tissue, for example, as microcapsules or macroemulsions (Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980); Park and col, Molecules 10: 146-161 (2005); Malik et al., Curr. Drug. Deliv. 4: 141-151 (2007)); as sustained release formulations (Putney and Burke, Nature Biotechnol. 16: 153-157, (1998)) or in liposomes (Maclean et al., Int. J. Oncol. 11: 235-332 (1997); Kontermann, Curr Opinion Mol Ther 8: 39-45 (2006)).
[0874] An antibody provided in this invention can also be entrapped in a microcapsule prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin microcapsule and poly (methylmethacylate) microcapsule, respectively, in delivery systems of colloidal drugs (eg, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nanoparticles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions. Such techniques are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1990) Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA.
[0876] Various delivery systems are known and can be used to deliver a prophylactic or therapeutic agent ( eg, an antibody that binds to beta klotho as described in this invention), including, but not limited to, liposome encapsulation, microparticles, microcapsules, recombinant cells capable of expressing the antibody, receptor-mediated endocytosis (see, for example, Wu and Wu, J. Biol. Chem. 262: 4429-4432 (1987)), construction of a nucleic acid as part of a retroviral or other vector, etc. A prophylactic or therapeutic agent, or a composition described in this invention can be delivered in a controlled release or sustained release system. A pump can be used to achieve controlled or sustained release (see, eg, Langer, supra; Sefton, 1987, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:20; Buchwald et al., 1980, Surgery 88: 507 ; Saudek et al., 1989, N. Engl. J. Med. 321: 574). Polymeric materials can be used to achieve controlled or sustained release of a prophylactic or therapeutic agent ( eg, an antibody that binds to beta klotho as described in this invention) or a composition of the invention (see, for example, Medical Applications of Controlled Release, Langer and Wise (eds.), CRC Pres., Boca Raton, Florida (1974); Controlled Drug Bioavailability, Drug Product Design and Performance, Smolen and Ball (eds.), Wiley, New York (1984) ), Ranger and Peppas, 1983, J., Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. 23:61; see also Levy et al., 1985, Science 228: 190; During et al., 1989, Ann. Neurol. 25: 351; Howard et al., 1989, J. Neurosurg. 71: 105); US Patent No. 5,679,377; US Patent No. 5,916,597; US Patent No. 5,912,015; US Patent No. 5,989,463; US Patent No. 5,128,326; PCT Publication No. WO 99/15154; and PCT Publication No. WO 99/20253).
[0877] Examples of polymers used in sustained release formulations include, but are not limited to, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (acrylic acid), poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) , poly (methacrylic acid), polyglycolides (PLG), polyanhydrides, poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone), poly (vinyl alcohol), polyacrylamide, poly (ethylene glycol), polylactides (PLA), poly (lactide-co-glycolides) (PLGA) and polyorthoesters. The polymer used in a sustained release formulation can be inert, free of leachable impurities, storage stable, sterile, and biodegradable.
[0879] A sustained or controlled release system can be placed close to the therapeutic target, for example the nostrils or lungs, requiring only a fraction of the systemic dose (see, for example, Goodson, in Medical Applications of Controlled Release , supra, vol. 2, pp. 115-138 (1984)). Other controlled release systems are discussed, for example, in Langer (Science 249: 1527-1533 (1990)). Any technique known to one of skill in the art can be used to produce sustained release formulations comprising one or more antibodies that bind beta klotho as described in this invention. (See, for example, US Patent No. 4,526,938, PCT Publication WO 91/05548, PCT Publication WO 96/20698, Ning et al., 1996, "Intratumoral Radioimmunotherapy of a Human Colon Cancer Xenograft Using a Sustained-Release Gel, ", Radiotherapy & Oncology 39: 179-189, Song et al., 1995," Antibody Mediated Lung Targeting of Long-Circulating Emulsions "," PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 50: 372-397, Cleek et al., 1997, "Biodegradable Polymeric Carriers for a bFGF Antibody for Cardiovascular Application," Pro. Int'l. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater.
[0880] 24: 853-854 and Lam et al., 1997, "Microencapsulation of Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody for Local Delivery", Proc. Int'l. Symp. Control Rel. Bioact. Mater. 24: 759-760).
[0882] Therapeutic procedures
[0884] An antibody of the present disclosure can be used, for example, in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo therapeutic procedures. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides antibodies for use in methods of treating or preventing a disease, disorder or condition, either in vivo or in vitro, the method comprising exposing a cell to an anti-beta klotho antibody.
[0886] In one aspect, an antibody of the present disclosure is used to treat or prevent a disease, disorder, or condition, including, for example, type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, or, in general, any disease. , disorder, or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or enhance the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21.
[0888] In one aspect, antibodies are provided for use in methods of treating a disease, disorder or condition which comprises administering to an individual an effective amount of an anti-beta klotho antibody or fragment thereof. The use of an antibody in a method of treating a disease, disorder, or condition comprises administering to an individual an effective amount of a pharmaceutical formulation comprising an anti-beta klotho antibody of the present invention and, optionally, at least one additional therapeutic agent. , such as those described in this invention.
[0890] An anti-beta klotho antibody or fragment thereof can be administered to a human for therapeutic purposes. In addition, an anti-beta klotho antibody or fragment thereof can be administered to a non-human mammal that expresses beta klotho with which the antibody cross-reacts ( eg, a primate, pig, rat, or mouse) for veterinary or as an animal model of human disease. With regard to the latter, such animal models may be useful for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of the antibodies of the present disclosure ( eg, dose testing and administration cycles over time).
[0892] The antibodies of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with other compositions in therapy. For example, an anti-beta klotho antibody of the present invention can be co-administered with at least one additional therapeutic agent and / or adjuvant. In some embodiments, the additional compound is a therapeutic antibody other than an anti-beta klotho antibody.
[0894] Such aforementioned combination therapies encompass combined administration (where two or more therapeutic agents are included in the same formulations or separately), and separate administration, in which case, administration of an anti-beta klotho antibody or fragment may occur. thereof of the present disclosure before, simultaneously and / or after the administration of the additional therapeutic agent and / or adjuvant. The antibodies of the present disclosure can also be used in combination with additional therapeutic regimens, including, without limitation, those described in this invention.
[0896] An antibody of the present disclosure (and any additional therapeutic agent or adjuvant) can be administered by any suitable means, including parenteral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary and intranasal and, if required want for local treatment, intralesional administration. Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration. Furthermore, the antibody or conjugate is suitably administered by pulse infusion, particularly with decreasing doses of the antibody or fragment thereof. Dosing can be by any suitable route, for example, by injections, such as intravenous or subcutaneous injections, depending in part on whether the administration is brief or chronic.
[0897] The antibodies of the present disclosure would be formulated, dosed, and administered in a manner consistent with good medical practice. Factors to be considered in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the agent delivery site, the method of administration, the schedule of administration. and other factors known to medical practitioners. The anti-beta klotho antibody does not need, but is optionally formulated with one or more agents currently used to prevent or treat the disorder in question. The effective amount of such other agents depends on the amount of antibody or immunoconjugate present in the formulation, the type of disorder or treatment, and other factors discussed above. These are generally used in the same dosages and by the routes of administration described in this invention, or from about 1 to 99% of the dosages described in this invention, or at any dosage and by any empirically / clinically determined route. as adequate.
[0899] For the prevention or treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition, the appropriate dose of an antibeta klotho antibody of the present disclosure (when used alone or in combination with one or more other additional therapeutic agents, such as the agents described herein invention) will depend on the type of disease, disorder or condition to be treated, the type of antibody, the severity and course of the disease, disorder or condition, whether the antibody is administered for preventive or therapeutic purposes, previous therapy, clinical history and the patient's response to the antibody, and the discretion of the treating physician. The anti-beta klotho antibody is suitably administered to the patient at one time or over a series of treatments. Depending on the type and severity of the disease, approximately 1 pg / kg to 100 mg / kg (for example, 0.1 mg / kg-20 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg-15 mg / kg, etc.) of Antibody may be an initial candidate dose for administration to the patient, either, for example, by one or more separate administrations or by continuous infusion. A typical daily dosage can range from about 1 pg / kg to 100 mg / kg or more, depending on the factors mentioned above. For repeated administrations over several days or longer, depending on the condition, treatment will generally be maintained until the desired elimination of disease symptoms occurs. Exemplary doses of the antibody may range from about 0.05 mg / kg to about 10.0 mg / kg. Therefore, one or more doses of about 0.5 mg / kg, 1.0 mg / kg, 2.0 mg / kg, 3.0 mg / kg, 4.0 mg / kg, 5.0 mg / kg, 6.0 mg / kg, 7.0 mg / kg, 8.0 mg / kg, 9.0 mg / kg, or 10.0 mg / kg (or any combination thereof) of antibody can be administered to the patient. . Such doses can be administered intermittently, eg, every week or every three weeks (( eg, so that the patient receives from about two to about twenty, or for example, about six doses of the antibody). One can be administered Higher initial loading dose followed by one or more lower doses. An exemplary dosage regimen comprises administering an initial loading dose, followed by a maintenance ( eg, weekly) dose of the antibody. The initial loading dose may be higher than the maintenance dose. However, other dosage regimens may be helpful. The progress of this therapy is easily monitored by conventional techniques and assays.
[0901] Diagnostic Procedures and Screening Procedures
[0903] In one aspect, the anti-beta klotho antibodies and fragments thereof of the present disclosure are useful for detecting the presence of beta klotho in a biological sample. Such anti-beta klotho antibodies can include those that bind human and / or cyno beta klotho, but do not induce FGF19-like signaling and / or FGF21-like signaling activity. The term "detect" as used in this invention encompasses quantitative or qualitative detection. A biological sample can comprise a cell or tissue.
[0905] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for detecting the presence of beta klotho in a biological sample. The method may comprise contacting the biological sample with an anti-beta klotho antibody under conditions permissive for the binding of the anti-beta klotho antibody to beta klotho, and detecting whether a complex is formed between the anti-beta klotho antibody and beta klotho.
[0907] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for diagnosing a disorder associated with beta klotho expression. The method may comprise contacting a test cell with an anti-beta klotho antibody; determining the level of expression (quantitatively or qualitatively) of beta klotho by the test cell by detecting the binding of the anti-beta klotho antibody to beta klotho; and comparing the level of beta klotho expression by the test cell with the level of beta klotho expression by a control cell ( e.g., a normal cell of the same tissue origin as the test cell or a cell expressing beta klotho at levels comparable to such a normal cell), where a higher level of beta klotho expression by the test cell compared to the control cell indicates the presence of a disorder associated with increased beta klotho expression. The test cell can be obtained from an individual suspected of having a disease, disorder or condition associated with beta klotho expression and / or a disease, disorder or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or enhance the in vivo effects of FGF19 and / or FGF21. The disease, disorder, or condition can be, for example, type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease, or metabolic syndrome. Such exemplary diseases, disorders or conditions can be diagnosed using an anti-beta klotho antibody of the present disclosure.
[0909] A diagnostic or detection method, such as those described above, may comprise detecting the binding of an anti-beta klotho antibody to beta klotho expressed on the surface of a cell or in a membrane preparation obtained from a beta-expressing cell. klotho on its surface. The method may comprise contacting a cell with an anti-beta klotho antibody under conditions permissive for the binding of the anti-beta klotho antibody to beta klotho, and detecting whether a complex is formed between the anti-beta klotho antibody and beta klotho in the cell surface. An exemplary assay to detect the binding of an anti-beta klotho antibody to beta klotho expressed beta klotho on the surface of a cell is a "FACS" assay.
[0911] Other procedures can be used to detect the binding of anti-beta klotho antibodies to beta klotho. Such procedures include, but are not limited to, antigen-binding assays that are well known in the art, such as Western blot, radioimmunoassays, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), "sandwich" immunoassays, immunoprecipitation assays, immunoassays. fluorescent, protein A immunoassays and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
[0913] Labeled anti-beta klotho antibodies Markers include, but are not limited to, labels or residues that are directly detected (such as fluorescent, chromophore, electron-dense, chemiluminescent, and radioactive labels), as well as residues, such as enzymes or ligands. , which are detected indirectly, for example, through an enzymatic reaction or molecular interaction. Exemplary markers include, but are not limited to, 32P, 14C, 125I, 3H, and 131 radioisotopes, fluorophores such as rare earth chelates or fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, dansyl, umbelliferone, luceriferases, for example , firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase (see, for example, US Patent No. 4,737,456), luciferin, 2,3-dihydrophthalazinediones, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), alkaline phosphatase, p- galactosidase, glucoamylase, lysozyme, saccharide oxidases, for example glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, heterocyclic oxidases such as uricase and xanthine oxidase, coupled with an enzyme that uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidize a dye precursor such such as HRP, lactoperoxidase or microperoxidase, biotin / avidin, spin tags, bacteriophage tags, stable free radicals, and the like.
[0915] Anti-beta klotho antibodies immobilized in an insoluble matrix. Immobilization involves separating the anti-beta klotho antibody from any beta klotho that remains free in solution. This is conventionally accomplished by insolubilizing the anti-beta klotho antibody prior to the assay procedure, such as by adsorption to a water-insoluble surface or matrix (see, for example, Bennich et al., US 3,720,760), or by covalent coupling (eg, using glutaraldehyde cross-linking), or by insolubilizing the anti-beta klotho antibody after formation of a complex between the anti-beta klotho antibody and beta klotho, eg, by immunoprecipitation.
[0916] Any of the diagnostic or detection procedures described above can be carried out using an immunoconjugate of the present disclosure in place of or in addition to an anti-beta klotho antibody.
[0918] essays
[0920] The anti-beta klotho antibodies of the present disclosure can be characterized for their physical / chemical properties and / or biological activities by various assays known in the art.
[0922] 1. Activity tests
[0924] In one aspect, assays are described to identify anti-beta klotho antibodies thereof that have biological activity. Biological activity can include, for example, assays that measure effects on glucose and / or lipid metabolism. For example, a blood glucose test can be used. Glucose in blood ( for example, in a mouse tail clip or in a human blood sample) can be measured using the ACCU-CHEK Active test strips read by the ACCU-CHEK active meter (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN ) following the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, for example, a lipid profiling assay can be used. Whole blood (eg, from mouse tail clippings or a human blood sample) can be collected in plain capillary tubes (BD Clay Adams SurePrep, Becton Dickenson and Co. Sparks, MD). Serum and cells Blood can be separated by rotating the tubes on an Autocrit Ultra 3 (Becton Dickinson and Co. Sparks, MD). Serum samples can be analyzed for lipid profiles (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, and non-HDL) using the Integra 400 Clinical Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) following the manufacturer's instructions.
[0926] 2. Binding tests and other tests
[0928] In one aspect, an anti-beta klotho antibody is tested for its antigen-binding activity. For example, an anti-beta klotho antibody can be tested for its ability to bind exogenous or endogenous beta klotho expressed on the surface of a cell. A FACS assay can be used for such tests.
[0930] A panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against beta klotho can be grouped based on the epitopes they recognize, a procedure known as epitope binding. Epitope binding is typically carried out by competition assays, which assess the ability of an antibody to bind an antigen in the presence of another antibody. In an exemplary competition assay, immobilized beta klotho is incubated in a solution comprising a first labeled antibody that binds beta klotho and an unlabeled second antibody that is being tested for its ability to compete with the first antibody to bind. to beta klotho. The second antibody can be present in a hybridoma supernatant. As a control, the immobilized beta klotho is incubated in a solution comprising the first labeled antibody but not the second unlabeled antibody. After incubation under conditions permissive for the binding of the first antibody to beta klotho, excess unbound antibody is removed and the amount of immobilized beta klotho associated marker is measured. If the amount of immobilized beta klotho associated marker is substantially reduced in the test sample relative to the control sample, then that indicates that the second antibody is competing with the first antibody to bind beta klotho. Immobilized beta klotho is present on the surface of a cell or in a membrane preparation obtained from a cell that expresses beta klotho on its surface.
[0932] High-throughput epitope binding procedures are also known in the art (see, for example, Jia et al., J. Immunol. Methods 2004, 288 (1-2): 91-98, which describes a binding procedure competitive and multiplexed antibody for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies; and Miller et al., J. Immunol. Methods 2011, 365 (1-2): 118-25, which describes the binding of murine monoclonal antibody epitopes by an assay of multiplexed pairing).
[0934] 3. Epitope mapping
[0936] "Epitope mapping" is the procedure of identifying the binding sites, or epitopes, of an antibody on its target antigen. Antibody epitopes can be linear epitopes or conformational epitopes. Linear epitopes are made up of a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein. Conformational epitopes are made up of amino acids that are discontinuous in the protein sequence, but which join after the protein is folded into its three-dimensional structure.
[0938] A variety of methods are known in the art for mapping antibody epitopes onto target protein antigens. These include mutagenesis procedures, peptide screening procedures, visualization procedures, participation and mass spectroscopy procedures, and structural determination.
[0940] The site-directed mutagenesis procedure involves site-directed mutagenesis where critical amino acids are identified by systematically introducing substitutions throughout the protein sequence and then determining the effects of each substitution on antibody binding. This can be done by "alanine screening mutagenesis", as described, for example, by Cunningham and Wells (1989) Science 244: 1081-1085, or some other form of point mutagenesis of amino acid residues in human beta klotho. However, mutagenesis studies may also reveal amino acid residues that are crucial to the overall three-dimensional structure of beta klotho, but are not directly involved in antibody-antigen contacts, and therefore other ones may be necessary. procedures to confirm a determined functional epitope using this procedure.
[0942] Shotgun mutagenesis mapping utilizes a comprehensive plasmid mutation library for the target gene, with each clone in the library carrying a unique amino acid mutation and the entire library including each amino acid in the target protein. The clones that make up the mutation library are individually microplated, expressed within living mammalian cells, and tested for immunoreactivity with antibodies of interest. Critical amino acids for antibody epitopes are identified by a loss of reactivity and then mapped into a protein structure to visualize the epitopes.
[0943] By automating the analysis, new epitope maps can be derived in days or weeks. Because it uses the native structure of proteins within mammalian cells, the technique allows mapping linear and conformational epitope structures in complex proteins. (See, for example, Paes et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.
[0944] 131 (20): 6952-6954 (2009); Banik and Doranz, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News 3 (2): 25-28 (2010)).
[0946] The epitope bound by an anti-beta klotho antibody can also be determined using peptide screening procedures. In peptide screening, short peptide sequence libraries from overlapping segments of the target protein, beta klotho, are tested for their ability to bind antibodies of interest. Peptides are synthesized and screened for binding, eg, using ELISA or BIACORE, or on a chip, by any of a number of solid phase screening procedures (see, eg, Reineke et al., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 12: 59-64, 2001) as in the "Pepscan" methodology (see, for example, WO 84/03564; WO 93/09872). Such peptide screening procedures may not be able to detect some discontinuous functional epitopes, ie, functional epitopes that involve amino acid residues that are not contiguous along the primary sequence of the beta klotho polypeptide chain.
[0948] A recently developed technology called CLIPS (chemical linkage of peptides in scaffolds) can be used to map conformational epitopes. The loose ends of the peptides are fixed on synthetic scaffolds, so that the scaffold peptide can adopt the same spatial structure as the corresponding sequence in the intact protein. CLIPS technology is used to fix linear peptides in cyclic structures ('single loop' format), and to join different parts of a protein binding site ('double loop' format, 'triple loop', etc.), to create conformational epitopes that can be analyzed for antibody binding (see, eg, US Patent No. 7,972,993).
[0950] The antibody-bound epitopes of the present disclosure can also be mapped using visualization techniques, including, for example, phage display, microbial display, and ribosome / mRNA display as described above. In these procedures, libraries of peptide fragments are displayed on the surface of the phage or cell. The epitopes are then mapped by screening mAbs against these fragments using selective binding assays. A number of computational tools have been developed that allow the prediction of conformational epitopes based on affinity-selected linear peptides obtained by phage display (see, for example, Mayrose et al, Bioinformatics 23: 3244-3246 2007). Procedures are also available for the detection of conformational epitopes by phage display. Microbial presentation systems can also be used to express properly folded antigen fragments on the cell surface for the identification of conformational epitopes (see, eg, Cochran et al., J. Immunol. Meth. 287: 147-158, 2004; Rockberg et al., Nature Methods 5: 1039-1045, 2008).
[0952] Procedures involving proteolysis and mass spectroscopy can also be used to determine antibody epitopes (see, for example, Baerga-Ortiz et al., Protein Sci. 2002 Jun; 11 (6): 1300-1308). In limited proteolysis, the antigen is cleaved by different proteases, in the presence and in the absence of the antibody, and the fragments are identified by mass spectrometry. The epitope is the region of the antigen that is protected against proteolysis upon antibody binding (see, eg, Suckau et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 9848-9852, 1990). Additional procedures based on proteolysis include, for example, selective chemical modification (see, for example, Fiedler et al, Bioconjugate Chemistry 1998, 9 (2): 236-234, 1998), epitope cleavage (see, for example, Van de Water et al., Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1997, 85 (3): 229-235, 1997), and the recently developed hydrogen-deuterium (H / D) exchange procedure (see, for example, Flanagan , N., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News 3 (2): 25-28, 2010).
[0954] The epitope bound by the antibodies of the present disclosure can also be determined by structural procedures, such as X-ray crystal structure determination (see, for example, WO 2005/044853), molecular modeling and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (NMR), including NMR determination of HD exchange rates of labile amide hydrogens when free and when complexed with an antibody of interest (see, for example, Zinn-Justin et al. (1992 ) Biochemistry 31: 11335-11347; Zinn-Justin et al. (1993) Biochemistry 32: 6884-6891).
[0956] Additional antibodies that bind to the same epitope as an antibody of the present disclosure can be obtained, for example, by screening antibodies raised against beta klotho for binding to the epitope, by immunizing an animal with a peptide comprising a fragment of human beta klotho comprising the epitope sequence, or by selecting antibodies using phage display for binding to the epitope sequence. Antibodies that bind to the same functional epitope could be expected to show similar biological activities, such as blocking a biological activity of beta klotho, and such activities can be confirmed by functional assays of the antibodies.
[0957] Additional activity trials
[0959] An anti-beta klotho antibody of the present disclosure can be an antagonistic antibody that inhibits a biological activity of beta klotho. The anti-beta klotho antibodies of the present disclosure can be tested to determine whether they inhibit a biological activity of beta klotho.
[0961] In one aspect, purified anti-beta klotho antibodies can be further characterized by a series of assays including, but not limited to, N-terminal sequencing, amino acid analysis, size exclusion high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). non-denaturing, mass spectrometry, ion exchange chromatography and papain digestion.
[0963] The present disclosure contemplates an altered antibody that possesses some but not all of the effector functions, making it a desirable candidate for many applications where the half-life of the antibody in vivo is important, but certain effector functions (such as complement and ADCC ) are unnecessary or harmful. The Fc activities of the antibody can be measured to ensure that only the desired properties are maintained. In vitro and / or in vivo cytotoxicity assays can be performed to confirm reduction / depletion of CDC and / or ADCC activities. For example, Fc receptor (FcR) binding assays can be performed to ensure that the antibody lacks FcRn binding (thus probably does not have ADCC activity), but retains FcRn binding ability. An in vitro assay to evaluate the ADCC activity of a molecule of interest is described, for example, in US Patent No. 5,500,362 or 5,821,337. Useful effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and natural killer cells (NK). Alternatively, or additionally, the ADCC activity of the molecule of interest can be evaluated in vivo, for example, in an animal model as described in Clynes et al., PNAS (USA) 95: 652-656 (1998). C1q binding assays can also be performed to confirm that the antibody cannot bind C1q and therefore lacks CDC activity. To assess complement activation, a c Dc assay can be performed, eg, Gazzano-Santoro et al., J. Immunol. Methods 202: 163 (1996). FcRn binding and in vivo elimination / half-life determinations can also be performed by procedures known in the art.
[0965] EXAMPLES
[0967] The following are examples of procedures and compositions of the present disclosure.
[0969] EXAMPLE 1: GENERATION OF ANTIBODIES THAT JOIN BETA KLOTHO
[0971] Antibodies that bind to beta klotho were generated, for example, by immunizations of mice (i) with cells expressing human beta klotho (HuKLB) and the FGF 1c receptor (FGFRIc or RIC) and (ii) with HuKLB and beta protein klotho cynomologist (KLB cyno).
[0973] For example, cells expressing beta klotho were prepared as follows. 293EXPI cells (Invitrogen) were transiently co-transfected with nucleic acid sequences encoding a variant of FGFR1c with a mutation at amino acid position 623 (see, for example, s Eq ID NO: 308 but with a D623N mutation) and HuKLB (SEQ ID NO: 297). The cells were analyzed for the expression of R1c and HuKLB by the respective specific antibodies by FACS. Cells were washed 2 times in PBS, pelleted by centrifugation, and frozen in individual vials in 6x107 cells for immunization. 129 / B6 animals were immunized with 1 x 107 cells with adjuvants (Ribi, CpG, and PolyLC). The animals were challenged every 2 weeks for the time necessary to induce an adequate titer. The animals were stimulated with the HuKLB and CyKLB protein after 4 stimuli with R1c and HuKLB cells that overexpress 293EXPI cells. Titers were determined by ELISA and FACS. Lymphocyte single cell suspensions were obtained from spleen and lymph node drainage of animals with suitable titers. Cells were fused with SP2 / 0 myeloma cells in a 1: 2 ratio by electrofusion. The fused cells were plated at 2.5 x 106 cells per plate in 70 µl in twenty-four x 384 well plates in the presence of HAT selection. After 7 days, 50 µl of supernatant was removed and replaced with fresh medium containing HAT. After 10-14 days of culture, supernatants were harvested and screened by FACS using R1c and HuKLB cells that overexpress 293EXPI cells or by Biacore using HuKLB protein to confirm binding. Positive clones were further selected and subcloned.
[0975] In a first campaign of immunizations and fusions, at least 25-30 384-well plates were screened for binding to HuKLB ( eg, HuKLB protein and / or HuKLB expressing cells). In a second campaign for the immunizations and fusions, a similar number of plaques were screened as described for the first campaign. Thousands of clones were screened and hundreds of clones were selected for further study, including in the assays of Epitope binding, affinity and specificity as described in Examples 2 and 3. Hundreds of hybridoma supernatants were also tested in functional assays as described in Examples 4 and 5, including agonist activity similar to receptor ligands. of FGF FGF19 and / or FGF21 ( eg, FGF19 and / or FGF21-like signaling activity).
[0977] EXAMPLE 2: SCREENING AND SELECTING ANTIBODIES THAT JOIN BETA KLOTHO
[0979] Antibodies that bind to beta klotho were generated from hybridomas, eg, as described in Example 1. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for binding to beta klotho ( eg, human beta klotho and / or cyno ) in FACS and / or Biacore based assays.
[0981] For example, after 2 weeks of culture, the hybridoma supernatants were screened for monoclonal antibodies that bind to human beta klotho by a FACS-based binding screen. Briefly, hybridoma supernatants were co-incubated with cells overexpressing human beta klotho for 30 minutes at 4 ° C. After washing with PBS / 1% BSA / 0.1% azide, cells overexpressing human beta klotho were co-incubated with labeled anti-mouse Fc (Jackson Immunoresearch) for 30 minutes at 4 ° C. After washing with PBS / 1% BSA / 0.1% azide, cells were acquired on a flow cytometer (FACS Calibur) and analyzed by cytometry analysis software (FlowJo). A binding antibody is one that shows a change from cells incubated with labeled anti-mouse Fc only.
[0983] For example, after 2 weeks of culture, the hybridoma supernatants were screened for monoclonal antibodies that bind to human beta klotho using a Biacore-based binding screen. Briefly, anti-mouse Fc antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was immobilized on the four flow cells of a CM5 chip using amine coupling reagents (GE Healthcare LifeSciences, Piscataway, NJ). Hybridoma supernatants were diluted three times with PBS-P buffer (PBS containing 0.005% P20) and injected for 30 seconds into flow cells 2, 3 and 4 to capture antibody (flow cell 1 was used as reference). This was followed by a short injection of human beta klotho (25 nM, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for 60 seconds at a flow rate of 30 µl / min to test for binding to captured antibody in each flow cell.
[0984] From two immunization and fusion campaigns as described in Example 1, fifty-six 384-well plates of hybridoma supernatants were analyzed for binding by FACS and / or Biacore. From these assays, approximately 250 antibodies were identified as human beta klotho binders. These antibodies were purified and subsequently tested for their binding affinity to human beta klotho and beta klotho cyno by Biacore and to determine their functional activity by reporter assays as described in Example 3.
[0985] In additional Biacore-based binding / screening assays, the binding affinity of the antibodies to human and cyno beta klotho was measured. For example, antibodies were ranked based on their binding affinity to human beta klotho and cyno beta klotho by low resolution measurement of K ^d by Biacore. Briefly, anti-mouse Fc antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was immobilized on the four flow cells of a CM5 chip using amine coupling reagents (GE Healthcare LifeSciences, Piscataway, NJ). Purified antibodies were captured (~ 100 RUS) into flow cells 2, 3 and 4 using flow cell 1 as a reference. This was followed by injection of human or cyno beta klotho (25 nM in PBS-P buffer) at a flow rate of 70 µl / min and monitoring of binding kinetics at 25 ° C.
[0987] Binding affinity measurements were also performed in additional Biacore-based assays. For example, measurements of the equilibrium dissociation constant of (K ^d ) were carried out with purified antibodies to assess their binding to human beta klotho and beta klotho cyno. As mentioned above, anti-mouse Fc antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was immobilized on the four flow cells of a CM5 chip using amine coupling reagents (GE Healthcare LifeSciences, Piscataway, NJ). Purified antibodies were captured (~ 100 RUS) into flow cells 2, 3 and 4 using flow cell 1 as a reference. This was followed by the injection of different concentrations of human or cyno beta klotho (1.56 nM to 25 nM, two-fold dilutions in PBS-P buffer) at a flow rate of 70 µl / min and the binding kinetics were evaluated. at 25 ° C.
[0989] Representative results are presented as K ^d (nM) values as shown in Table 11 below.
[0991] Table 11
[0996] EXAMPLE 3: SCREENING AND SELECTING ANTIBODIES THAT JOIN BETA KLOTHO
[0998] Antibodies that were selected to bind beta klotho, for example, as described in Example 2, were evaluated in competition binding assays and epitope binding experiments.
[1000] For example, for competitive binding assays by FACS analysis, antibody standards that were conjugated to a fluorochrome were prepared using the A488 or A647 Antibody Labeling Kit (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. A dose titer of the conjugated antibody standard was evaluated using HuKLB overexpressing cells. The stable level of the maximum signal of antibody binding is CE = 100 and the background signal is CE = 0. Competition for FACS against fluorochrome-labeled antibody was performed by pre-incubating HuKLB overexpressing cells with hybridoma supernatants for 15 minutes at room temperature. Without washing, an EC = 10 concentration of standard A488 or A647 labeled antibody was added. The EC = 10 for an individual antibody was determined by 10% signal using the maximum signal as (100%) and the background signal as (0%). After 30 minutes at 4 ° C, the cells were washed and analyzed by FACS. In these assays, a competitor antibody is one that shows a signal comparable to the competition for 5H23. A noncompetitive antibody is one that shows a signal equal to the labeled antibody alone. A partial competitor antibody is a sample that shows the signal between the labeled antibody alone and the background. Antibodies that show complete competition against the same antibody standard are considered to be in the same container.
[1001] In exemplary competitive binding experiments by FACS, the 5H23 or 3I13 antibody was used as an antibody standard for a positive control (competitor antibody) or a negative control (non-competitor antibody), respectively. Representative results are shown in Table 12 below presented as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). For these experiments, the signal comparable to the labeled antibody alone is a non-competing antibody, while the signal comparable to the competition for 5H23 is a competing antibody.
[1003] Table 12
[1008] To further evaluate antibody binding sites on human beta klotho, competition experiments were also performed on the Biacore. For example, two antibodies were immobilized on two flow cells of a CM5 chip. Antibody-human beta klotho complexes were prepared with different antibodies (the antibody concentration was titrated at 0.1-50 nM while keeping the beta klotho concentration constant at 5 nM) in a 96-well microplate and injected into the cells. surfaces of the antibodies. The measured signal (Unit of Response, UR) was plotted against the concentration of antibody in solution [nM]. If the antibody in solution recognized the same epitope as the antibody immobilized on the surface of the chip, then a decrease in UR was observed with an increase in the concentration of antibody in solution (demonstrating competition for the beta-binding site klotho). However, if the antibody in solution recognized a different epitope relative to the immobilized antibody, an increase in UR was observed. In the latter scenario, the klothoantibody complex could bind to the surface of the immobilized antibody leading to the observed increase in signal.
[1009] In Biacore's exemplary competition binding experiments, the 5H23 antibody competed with itself to bind HuKLB and additional antibodies 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7, and 1G19 competed with 5H23. These antibodies were designated as members of the 5H23 epitope container. The sequences for these epitope-related antibodies are aligned and shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 2 also shows conserved amino acid sequences of the c Dr's of these related antibodies.
[1011] EXAMPLE 4: FUNCTIONAL TESTS
[1013] Antibodies that bind to beta klotho generated, for example, as described in Example 1, were tested for their functional activity in cell-based reporter assays.
[1015] For example, ELK1-luciferase reporter assays, which measure FGFRIc / beta klotho signaling, were performed using transiently transfected HEK293, HEK293T, or L6 cells (ATCC). The transfection plasmids consisted of two reporter plasmids Gal4-Elk1 and 5 * UAS-Luc (Agilent Technologies PathDetect Elk1 Cat trans reporter system # 219005), and the plasmids encoding human beta klotho (GeneCopoeia cat # EX -E1104-MO2) or cynomolgus monkey beta klotho (beta cloto cyno) and human FGFR1c cCat no. GeneCopoeia EX-A0260-MO2). In these assays, activation of the recombinantly expressed FGFR1c / beta klotho receptor complex in cells induces transduction of intracellular signaling, leading to ERK and then Elk1 phosphorylation. Once Gal4-Elk1 is phosphorylated, Gal4-Elk1 binds to the 5 x UAS promoter region and activates transcription of the luciferase reporter gene. Luciferase activity is then measured in luciferase enzyme assays.
[1017] For these experiments, the four plasmids mentioned above ( eg 2 reporter plasmids, beta Klotho, R1c) were transfected into freshly collected cells in suspension using FuGene6 or Fugene HD transfection reagent (Promega). Cell density and the amount of transfection reagent were optimized for each cell type and each Fugene lot. The ratio of beta klotho and FGFR1c DNA in transfection was optimized for each cell line and ranged between 6: 1 and 27: 1. The transfected cells were seeded in a 96-well plate (30,000 cells / 100 µl / well), or in a 384-well plate (7500 cells / 25 µl / well) in normal growth medium. After incubation overnight at 37 ° C, a variety of beta klotho-binding antibodies were added. After 6 hours of incubation at 37 ° C with the antibodies, an equal volume of Bright-Glo reagent (Promega) was added and the luminescence signal was read using the Enspire reader (Perkin Elmer).
[1019] Representative results using human beta klotho and cyno beta klotho, transfected into HEK 293 cells, are presented as EC50 values as shown in Table 13 and Table 14, respectively, below.
[1020] Table 13
[1025] Representative results using human beta klotho, transfected into L6 cells, are presented as EC50 values as shown in Table 15 below.
[1027] Table 15
[1032] L6 cells lack endogenous receptors and are often used to investigate antibody specificity for various transfected FGF receptor subtypes. Receptor activation through FGFR1c / beta klotho signaling in the absence of ligand ( eg FGF19 ( eg SEQ ID NO: 304) or FGF21 ( eg SEQ ID NO: 429)) by Exemplary anti-beta klotho antibodies of the present disclosure were observed with L6 cells transfected with FGFR1c (R1c), but not with L6 cells transfected with FGFR2c (R2c), FGFR3c (R3c), or FGFR4 (R4), whereas activation by control FGF19 was observed with L6 cells transfected with R1c, R2c, R3c and R4.
[1034] EXAMPLE 5: ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONAL TESTS
[1036] Antibodies that bind to beta klotho generated, for example, as described in Example 1, were tested for their functional activity in a cell-based assay, such as an adipocyte assay, which measures endogenous FGFR1c / signaling. beta klotho. FGF19 or FGF21 stimulate ERK phosphorylation, increase glucose uptake and lipolysis in cultured adipocytes. Adipocytes are considered physiologically relevant for demonstrating the functional activity of receptor ligands or agonist antibodies that mimic the function of ligands ( eg, receptor signaling by ligands).
[1038] For example, frozen human preadipocytes (Lonza cat # PT-5005) were thawed on day 1, differentiated on day 3, and kept in differentiation medium for approximately two weeks prior to the experiment ( e.g., they then died starvation on day 17, and were analyzed on day 18). The seeding medium was 1: 1 DMEM / F12K 10% FBS. The cell density of the seeding was 25,000 cells / 100 µl / well in a 96-well plate. On day 3, the medium was replaced with human adipocyte differentiation medium (Cell Applications Inc). Thereafter, fresh differentiation medium was added to the cells every 2-3 days. On day 17 (the day before testing), cells were rinsed twice and left with DMEM / 0.1% BSA (Sigma cat # A3803 essential fatty acid free BSA) overnight. The next day, fresh DMEM / 0.1% BSA medium was added for 1 hour before the cells were treated with test anti-beta klotho antibodies for 15 minutes at 37 ° C. The Cis-bio Cellul'erk Assay Kit (cat # 64ERKPEH) was used to analyze the level of ERK phosphorylation following the manufacturer's protocol.
[1040] Representative results with human adipocytes are presented as EC50 values as shown in Table 16 below:
[1042] Table 16
[1047] EXAMPLE 6: LEAGUE COMPETITION
[1049] Ligand competition assays (FGF19 or FGF21) were carried out to assess whether the human klotho antibody-beta interaction influences the binding of beta klotho to its natural ligand, FGF19 or FGF21.
[1051] For example, Biacore-based competition assays were established in which FGF19 ( eg SEQ ID NO: 304) or FGF21 ( eg SEQ ID NO: 429) was immobilized in a flow cell (Fc2) of a CM5 chip (using Fc1 as the reference surface). Antibody-beta-human klotho complexes were prepared with exemplary antibodies of the present disclosure, such as 5H23 (for example, SEQ ID NO: 25 VH and SEQ ID NO: 26 VL) or a humanized 5H23 ( for example, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276) VL). For example, concentrations of 5H23 and a control antibody were titrated at 0.1-67nM while keeping the Klotho beta concentration constant at 5nM in a 96-well microplate and injected onto the surface of FGF19. For another example, the concentrations of a humanized 5H23 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 271 Vh and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL) were titrated from 0.001-67 nM while keeping the beta klotho concentration constant at 2.5 nM in a 96-well microplate and injected onto the surface of FGF 21. The measured signal (Response Unit, UR) was plotted against the concentration of antibody in solution [nM]. If the antibody in solution recognized the same epitope as the FGF19 ligand or the FGF21 ligand immobilized on the surface of the chip, then a decrease in UR was observed with an increase in the concentration of antibody in solution, demonstrating competition with the ligand FGF19 or the ligand FGF21 by the binding site in beta klotho. However, if the antibody in solution recognized a different epitope relative to the immobilized FGF19 ligand or the FGF21 ligand, an increase in UR was observed. In the latter scenario, the antibody-klotho complex could bind to the surface of the immobilized ligand FGF19 or the surface of the immobilized ligand FGF21, leading to the observed increase in signal. In the exemplary data shown in Table 17A below, a control antibody partially competed with the FGF19 ligand resulting in a significant reduction in UR signal, where 5H23 did not compete with the FGF19 ligand to bind beta klotho. In the exemplary data shown in Table 17B below, a control antibody competed with the FGF21 ligand resulting in a significant reduction in UR signal, where a humanized 5H23 did not compete with the FGF21 ligand to bind beta klotho.
[1053] Table 17A
[1056] Experiment 1 UR% change Observation UR signal for p-Klotho 5 nM 109 100% control body (without complex)
[1057] UR signal for complex 125 Increase of The 5H23-klotho complex is u klotho-5H23 114% therefore, there is no com
[1058] * The control antibody comprises SEQ ID NO: 358 and SEQ ID NO: 360
[1060] Table 17B
[1061] Experiment 1 UR% change Normalized observation UR signal for p-Klotho 1 100% control body 2.5 nM (no complex) UR signal for 0.03 mpite reduction with mi
[1062] Experiment 1 UR% change Normalized observation
[1063] 2.5 nM (no complex) UR signal for 1.1 Increase in Humanized 5H23-klotho complex
[1064] humanized competition
[1065] * The control antibody comprises SEQ ID NO: 358 and SEQ ID NO: 360
[1067] Because 5H23 and a humanized 5H23 antibody bind to a different epitope of beta klotho compared to endogenous ligands, such as FGF19 and FGF21, experiments were carried out to test for synergistic effects between FGF21 and 5H23 or a 5H23 antibody. humanized. In a HEK293 reporter assay (see, for example, Example 4), combinations of FGF21 and a humanized 5H23 antibody (for example, SEQ iD NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL) were tested in an elation molar 1: 1 or by fixing one and titrating the concentration of the other. No evidence of synergistic effects was observed; the maximum effect of FGF21 was not enhanced by the humanized 5H23 antibody, and vice versa.
[1069] EXAMPLE 7: HUMANIZATION
[1071] Humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies were generated, including the selected antibodies as described in Examples 1-6.
[1073] Several anti-beta klotho antibodies were selected for sequencing and their VH and VL regions, including their CDRs, are shown in Tables 1-10 and Figures 1 and 2. An exemplary anti-beta klotho antibody 5H23 was selected for the humanization. Various humanization procedures were used. For some of the humanized antibodies, the humanization procedure was empirical and relied in part on structural information related to the immunoglobulin variable regions including molecular models and structural stability requirements of molecular antibodies (see, for example, Ewert et al. , 2004, Methods 34: 184-199; Honegger, 2008, Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 181: 47-68; Kügler et al., 2009, Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 22: 135-147). The procedure was also based in part on considerations of antigen contact residues and / or structure stability residues. For example, the consideration of typical antigen contact residues depends on the size of the antigen, in particular the residues outside the CDRs that can contact the antigen, the upper nucleus, central nucleus and lower nucleus divisions, the residues of VH interface: VL, the conserved Pro / Gly (positive phi angles) and the matching of correlated residues of the VH subtype (see, for example, Ewert et al., supra; Honegger, supra; Kügler et al., supra).
[1075] For example, human VH sequences homologous to VH framework sequences 5H23 were searched and the VH sequence was encoded by human germline IGHV1-3 * 01 (see, for example Ehrenmann et al., 2011, Cold Spring Harbor protocol. G : 737-749) was chosen as an acceptor for humanization. For some of the humanized antibodies, the VH 5H23 CDR sequences were first transferred to the corresponding positions of IGHV1-3 * 01. Subsequently, various amino acid residues of VH 5H23 were substituted for the corresponding human residues individually or in combinations.
[1077] Furthermore, for example, human VL sequences homologous to the VH 5H23 framework sequences were searched, and the human Vk region encoded by IGKV4-1 * 01 was chosen (see, for example, Ehrennmann et al., Supra) as an acceptor for humanization. For some of the humanized antibodies, the VL 5H23 CDR sequences were first transferred to the corresponding positions of IGKV4-1 * 01. Subsequently, various amino acid residues of VL 5H23 were substituted for the corresponding human residues individually or in combinations.
[1078] For some of the humanized antibodies, the humanization procedure used an algorithm to construct a three-dimensional map of the mouse variable regions. This procedure also identified amino acids of structure and residues important for the formation of the CDR structure or necessary for binding to beta klotho. In addition, human VH and VL amino acid sequences with high homology to mouse sequences were selected for possible framework sequences for humanization. As described above, the CDR sequences of the 5H23 antibody can be transferred to such additional human framework sequences. A variety of human framework sequences, including germline sequences ( eg, IGHV1-3, IGHV1-46, IGHV1-69, IGKV4-1, IGKV1-39, or IGKV3-20) and mature individual sequences, can be suitable for humanization procedure. A number of VH 5H23 and / or VL 5H23 amino acid residues can then be substituted for the corresponding human residues individually or in combination.
[1080] For some of the humanized light chains, IG BLAST searches were used to identify human germline sequences that closely matched in sequence with VL 5H23 and / or were the commonly used sequences, including, for example, IGKV1-39. and IGKV3-20. For some of the humanized light chains, the CDR sequences of VL 5H23 were first transferred to the corresponding positions of IGKV1-39 or IGKV3-20 and then certain amino acids were selected empirically for the substation.
[1082] The amino acid sequences of the resulting humanized VH sequences (vH1-vH9) and VL (vL1 to vL5, v1-39a to v1-39p and v3-20a to v3-20j) are shown with the sequences VH and VL 5H23 in the figure 3A-3D. For example, using the different humanization procedures described in this example, various VH and VL 5H23 amino acid residues were substituted for the corresponding human residue to obtain humanized sequences as shown in Figure 3A-3D.
[1084] Humanized beta klotho antibodies can be prepared using any of the CDR sequences from Table 18 in combination with any of the framework sequences from Table 19.
[1086] Table 18
[1087] n i DR r ni r ni- kl h h m niz
[1090]
[1092] Table 19
[1093] Framework sequences for humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies
[1094]
[1095]
[1096]
[1097]
[1098]
[1099]
[1100]
[1101] SEQ ID NO: 379 RATLTADKSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCAR SEQ ID NO: 380 RATLTADKSTRTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCAR SEQ ID NO: 381 RATITADKSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCAR Structure 4 (FR4)
[1102] SEQ ID NO: 288 WGQGTLVTVSS
[1103] VL
[1104] Structure 1 (FR1)
[1105] SEQ ID NO: 289 DIVLTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINC
[1106] SEQ ID NO: 290 DIVMTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINC
[1107] SEQ ID NO: 382 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITC
[1108] SEQ ID NO: 383 DIQLTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITC
[1109] SEQ ID NO: 384 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSC
[1110] Structure 2 (FR2)
[1111] SEQ ID NO: 291 WNQQKPGQPPKLLIY
[1112] SEQ ID NO: 292 WYQQKPGQPPKLLIY
[1113] SEQ ID NO: 385 WYQQKPGKAPKLLIY
[1114] SEQ ID NO: 386 WNQQKPGKAPKLLIY
[1115] SEQ ID NO: 387 WYQQKPGKPPKLLIY
[1116] SEQ ID NO: 388 WNQQKPGKPPKLLIY
[1117] SEQ ID NO: 389 WYQQKPGQAPRLLIY
[1118] SEQ ID NO: 390 WNQQKPGQAPRLLIY
[1119] SEQ ID NO: 391 WYQQKPGQPPRLLIY
[1120] SEQ ID NO: 392 WNQQKPGQPPRLLIY
[1121] Structure 3 (FR3)
[1122] SEQ ID NO: 293 GVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQAEDAAIYYC SEQ ID NO: 294 GVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQAEDVAVYYC SEQ ID NO: 295 GVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQAEDVAIYYC SEQ ID NO: 393 GVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQAEDVAVYYC SEQ ID NO: 394 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYC SEQ ID NO: 395 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQPEDFATYYC SEQ ID NO: 396 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQEEDFATYYC SEQ ID NO: 397 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQEEDFATYYC SEQ ID NO: 398 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQEEDAATYYC SEQ ID NO: 399 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYC SEQ ID NO: 400 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRVEPEDFAVYYC SEQ ID NO: 401 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAAVYYC SEQ ID NO: 402 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEEEDFAVYYC SEQ ID NO: 403 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRVEEEDFAVYYC SEQ ID NO: 404 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRVEEEDAAVYYC
[1125] For example, a humanized anti-beta klotho antibody may comprise a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising: FR1 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 278, 279, 280, or 378); CDR1 (for example, SEQ iD NO: 1, 27, 53, 79, 105, 131, 157, 183, 209, 235); FR2 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 281, 282, or 283); CDR2 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 2, 28, 54, 80, 106, 132, 158, 184, 210, or 236); FR3 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 284, 285, 286, 287, 379, 380, or 381); CDR3 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 3, 29, 55, 81, 107, 133, 159, 185, 211, or 237); and / or FR4 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 288); and / or a variable region of the light chain (VL) comprising: FR1 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 289, 290, 382, 383, or 384); CDR1 (for example, SEQ ID NO: 4, 30, 56, 82, 108, 134, 160, 186, 212, or 238); FR2 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 291, 292, or 385-392); CDR2 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 5, 31, 57, 83, 109, 135, 161, 187, 213, or 239); FR3 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 293, 294, 295, or 393-404); CDR3 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 6, 32, 58, 84, 110, 136, 162, 188, 214, 240); and / or FR4 ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 296, 405, 406, or 407).
[1127] As described in this example, humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies were empirically designed and expressed as beta klotho-binding proteins, including the creation of nine humanized variants of the VH region of the 5H23 antibody and thirty-one humanized variants. of the VL region of the 5H23 antibody. The sequences of these exemplary humanized VH and VL 5H23 regions are shown in Figure 3A-3D.
[1129] Humanized antibodies were prepared with humanized VH and VL regions and humanized with the sequences as shown in Figure 3A-3d. For example, eighteen (6 x 3) combinations of vH 1-6 and vL1-3 were constructed using an IgG1 constant region (ala-ala) (SEQ ID NO: 316) and a kappa constant region (SEQ ID NO: 318) : vH1-VL1, vH1-vL2, vH1-vL3, vH2-vL1, vH2-vL2, vH2-vL3, vH3-vL1, vH3-vL2, vH3-vL3, vH4-vL1, vH4-vL2, vH4-vL3, vH4-vL3 -vL1, vH5-vL2, vH5-vL3, vH6-vL1, vH6-vL2, vH6-vL3, with the sequences shown in Figure 3A-3D. Furthermore, the humanized antibodies were constructed with an exemplary humanized VH region (for example, vH3) and twenty-six humanized VL regions (v1-39a to v1-39p and v3-20a to v3-20j) with the sequences as shown in Figure 3A. -3D.
[1131] Humanized antibodies were tested for their activity in a variety of assays, including, for example, as described in Examples 2-6. The expression of the humanized antibodies with the light chains comprising vl3 or v1-39c was low and these antibodies were not tested further. Exemplary results with a variety of humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies are shown in Table 20A and 20B below.
[1133] Table 20A
[1136]
[1138] Table 20B
[1139]
[1140] Antibody Estimated Titer KD-huKLB (nM) Reporter Assay Adipocyte
[1141]
[1143] VL v3-20j 10 Prep 1 = preparation of the humanized 5H23 antibody ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL) expressed at the same time as the LC variants; Prep 2 = purified preparation of the humanized 5H23 antibody ( eg SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL). Control antibody = SEQ ID NO: 358 VH and SEQ ID NO: 360 VL.
[1145] In additional assays, eg, reporter assays with HEK293T cells as described in Example 4, where the cells were transfected with plasmids encoding mouse beta klotho ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 301), beta klotho from rat (for example, SEQ ID NO: 356), hamster beta klotho (for example, SEQ ID NO: 408), rabbit beta klotho ( for example, SEQ ID NO: 410), or dog beta klotho ( for example example, SEQ ID NO: 412) and also transfected with plasmids encoding the mouse chimeric receptor FGFR1 -pIMc (for example SEQ ID NO: 416), the rat chimeric receptor FGFR1 -pIIIc ( for example , SEQ ID NO: 419), the chimeric hamster receptor FGFR1-pIIIc (for example, SEQ ID NO: 417), the chimeric rabbit FGFR1-pIIIc receptor (for example, SEQ ID NO: 420), or the chimeric dog FGFR1 receptor -pIIIc ( eg , SEQ ID NO: 418), respectively, when treated with an anti-beta klotho antibody such as a 5H23 hu antibody manized ( eg , SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL), did not activate the chimeric klotho receptor-FGFR1c complex of mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit or dog, respectively. Anti-beta klotho antibodies as described in this invention, including humanized 5H23 and 5H23 antibodies, as well as 5H23-competing antibodies ( eg, 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7, and 1G19 as described in Example 3) with CDR sequences, as shown in Tables 1-10, activate a human and cyno FGF / beta klotho receptor complex, but not mouse, rat FGF / beta klotho receptor complexes , hamster, rabbit, or dog as demonstrated by the reporter assays described above. When testing a monovalent anti-beta klotho antibody Fab prepared from a papain digest of an anti-beta klotho antibody, such as a humanized 5H23 antibody ( for example, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO : 276 VL), in a HEK293 reporter assay for its ability to activate the human FGFR1 c / KLB receptor complex, the Fab did not show any antibody activity up to 67 nM, while the humanized 5H23 antibody showed activity at low nanomolar concentrations similar to those shown in Table 20B.
[1147] EXAMPLE 8: STUDIES IN ANIMALS
[1149] The effects of anti-beta klotho antibodies are evaluated in animal studies, including cynomolgus monkeys.
[1151] In obese cynomolgus monkey studies, an exemplary anti-beta klotho antibody that binds to human beta klotho and beta klotho cyno ( e.g., the 5H23 antibody or humanized variant thereof) is administered, as well as an antibody comprising one or more of the 5H23 CDRs as shown in Table 1 or, alternatively, an antibody comprising one or more of the CDRs of an antibody or a humanized variant thereof shown in Tables 2-10 competing for binding 5H23 to human beta klotho as described in Example 3. Effects on a variety of metabolic parameters can be measured. Exemplary parameters include food intake, body weight, body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (WC), skin fold thickness (PPE), oral glucose tolerance test (POTG). ), fasting and / or fed blood (eg, serum) glucose levels (eg, postprandial) eg, insulin levels, and / or triglyceride levels.
[1153] In a real study, twenty spontaneous obese cynomolgus monkeys with a body mass index equal to or greater than 40 are selected and randomized to the vehicle (n = 10) and antibody treatment groups (n = 10) groups. Animals receive a subcutaneous injection of anti-beta-klotho antibody or vehicle on days 1 and 14. Food intake is recorded for each meal and body weight is measured once a week. Blood samples are taken once a week for 7 weeks for measurements of glucose in plasma (alternatively serum), insulin, lipids, and parameters of interest. On days 14, 28, and 49, an oral glucose tolerance test is performed.
[1155] Exemplary treatment effects may include decreased food intake, decreased body weight, decreased body mass index, CA and / or EPP, improved glucose tolerance, decreased insulin levels, decreased decreased fasting and / or fed ( eg, postprandial) plasma glucose levels (alternatively serum), insulin levels, and / or reduced triglyceride levels.
[1156] These effects indicate an improvement in metabolic parameters with anti-beta klotho antibody treatment.
[1157] For example, twenty male cynomolgus monkeys were selected for treatment with a humanized 5H23 antibody ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and Se Q ID NO: 276 VL) or a control vehicle based on their BMI (> 40 ) and were prepared for chair restriction, subcutaneous injection, blood draw, and oral catheterization. A routine feeding schedule was established.
[1159] The baseline values of the different parameters of interest were measured before the treatments. For example, on day -7, basal body weight, BMI, abdominal circumference, and skin fold thickness were measured, and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan ("DEXÁ ') from cynomolgus monkeys under ketamine anesthesia to measure bone mineral density. Blood samples were taken on day -3, after an overnight fast. Basal glucose levels were measured and analyzed serum, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and a panel of hematology and clinical chemistry parameters. Immediately after baseline samples, the animals were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (POTG) by reception of a 4 g / kg glucose probe and samples were taken at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after the glucose challenge, and serum glucose and insulin were measured. of the reference data, the animals were assigned in two groups with 10 animals in each group ( for example, one group treated with the antibody and the other group as the vehicle control group) to achieve the similar basal levels of the various parameters, for example, body weight, BMI, and serum glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels.
[1161] Starting on day 0, a group of animals (n = 10) received a subcutaneous injection dose of 10 mg / kg of an anti-beta-klotho antibody, such as a humanized 5H23 antibody ( for example, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL) every two weeks ( eg, on days 0, 14, 28, and 42) for 4 doses. The vehicle control group received paired vehicles on the same days. Treatments were carried out in the morning 30 minutes before the morning meal, and the dosage volume was 0.1 to 0.2 ml / kg.
[1163] The parameters of interest, for example, food intake, body weight, clinical chemistry, and POTG, were monitored throughout the study. For example, food intake was measured daily. Body weight, BMI, abdominal circumference, and skin fold thickness were measured weekly, for example, on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 , 84, 91, and 98. More blood samples were collected weekly, for example, on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, and 70, after an overnight fast, to measure glucose, insulin, and lipids, such as triglycerides. An additional blood sample was taken on day 98, after an overnight fast. The POTGs were carried out after the start of the study, for example, on days 14, 28 and 56, in which the animals received a probe of 4 g / kg glucose and samples were taken at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after the glucose challenge, and serum glucose and insulin were measured. A DEXA scan was performed on days 30 and 72. In addition, a hematology and clinical chemistry panel was analyzed on days 28 and 70. Two animals from the vehicle group and two animals from the anti-beta-klotho antibody group were sacrificed and A necropsy was performed on day 50 for safety evaluation. During the study, all the animals were closely monitored for their health.
[1165] Exemplary results from this study are shown in Tables 21 through 25 below. As shown in Table 21, the body weight of the vehicle treated animals remained constant (with a slight increase over the course); while the body weight of the animals treated with the anti-beta klotho antibody progressively decreased, and the body weight did not return to baseline during weeks 8-14 ( eg recovery phase). Similarly, as shown in Table 22, the vehicle-treated animals showed a relatively stable BMI throughout the study, while the anti-beta klotho-treated animals showed a decreased BMI level over the course of the study. . The BMI level also did not return to baseline values ( for example, during the recovery phase). These results suggest that treatment with beta klotho antibodies resulted in a reduction in fat mass.
[1167] As shown in Table 23, serum insulin levels in vehicle-treated animals increased over the course of the study; while the serum insulin levels in the animals treated with the anti-beta klotho antibody decreased significantly. Serum glucose levels were also reduced in animals treated with the anti-beta klotho antibody, as shown in Table 24. Similarly, as shown in Table 25, triglyceride levels in animals treated with vehicle increased during the course of the study; while the triglyceride levels in the animals treated with the anti-beta klotho antibody were significantly reduced.
[1169] The POTG results demonstrated that before the treatments, the basal insulin levels were not significantly different between the vehicle and the anti-beta klotho antibody groups. In contrast, after treatment, there was a trend towards glucose reduction and insulin levels were reduced in the anti-beta klotho antibody treated animals compared to the vehicle treated animals.
[1170]
[1172] co ^CM ra ^-Q Hra
[1173]
[1176]
[1179] In another exemplary study, forty spontaneous obese male cynomolgus were selected, prepared and fed, as described above.
[1181] Baseline values for various parameters were measured before treatments as discussed above. For example, baseline body weight, BMI, abdominal circumference, and skin fold thickness were measured on day -4, and baseline blood samples were taken to measure serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol. , LDL, HDL and triglycerides on day -3, after an overnight fast. Based on these baseline data, animals were assigned into 5 groups (8 animals in each group) with 4 groups to receive various doses of an anti-beta klotho antibody such as a humanized 5H23 antibody (for example, SEQ ID NO : 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL) and a group to receive a vehicle control.
[1183] On day 0, the first group of animals (n = 8) received a single subcutaneous injection dose of 0.1 mg / kg of the anti-beta klotho antibody; the second group of animals (n = 8) received a single dose of the subcutaneous injection of 1 mg / kg of the anti-beta klotho antibody, and the third group of animals (n = 8) received a single dose of the subcutaneous injection of 10 mg / kg anti-beta klotho antibody. Starting on day 0, the fourth group of animals (n = 8) received a subcutaneous injection dose of 0.1 mg / kg of the anti-beta klotho antibody once every 4 weeks for a period of 12 weeks. As a control, the fifth group of animals (n = 8) received a dose of vehicle once every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The treatments were carried out in the morning 30 minutes before the morning meal, and the dosage volume was 0.2 ml / kg.
[1185] The parameters of interest were controlled throughout the study. For example, food intake was measured at each meal. Body weight, BMI, abdominal circumference, and skin fold thickness were measured weekly. Blood samples were taken at, for example, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours and 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21,28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, and 112 days after the dose (s), and the parameters of interest were measured, for example, serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides. During the study, all animals were closely monitored for their health as described above.
[1187] Exemplary results of this dose-response study are shown in Tables 26-29. Table 26 shows relative body weight changes in anti-beta klotho antibody treated animals compared to body weight changes in vehicle treated animals. As shown, a single subcutaneous injection dose of 0.1 mg / kg, 1mg / kg, or 10mg / kg of anti-beta klotho antibody, or four doses of 1mg / kg subcutaneous injection of anti-beta klotho antibody significantly reduced body weight. In addition, the reduced body weight was maintained on day 112 for animals that received a single 10 mg / kg dose of anti-beta klotho antibody, or for animals that received four 1mg / kg doses of anti-beta klotho antibody in comparison with the vehicle.
[1189] As shown in Table 27, a single dose of the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg or 10 mg / kg of the anti-beta klotho antibody, or four doses of the subcutaneous injection of 1 mg / kg. kg of the anti-beta klotho antibody reduced the serum insulin level compared to the vehicle control group. In addition, four doses of the 1mg / kg subcutaneous injection of the anti-beta klotho antibody significantly reduced the serum glucose level, as shown in Table 28. In addition, serum triglyceride levels in animals treated with a single dose of 1 mg / kg subcutaneous injection, or 10 mg / kg of anti-beta klotho antibody, or four doses of 1 mg / kg subcutaneous injection of anti-beta klotho antibody, were reduced compared to animals treated with vehicle, as shown in Table 29.
[1190]
[1191]
[1192] Table 29 Tri liqueurs
[1194]
[1197] The results of these animal studies demonstrate the improvement of metabolic parameters with treatment with the anti-beta klotho antibodies provided in this invention, for example, such as reductions in body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, skin fold thickness, glucose ( eg, serum glucose), insulin ( eg, serum insulin), and / or triglycerides ( eg, serum triglycerides).
[1199] EXAMPLE 9: EPITOPE AND DOMAIN MAPPING
[1201] Studies were carried out in order to locate the binding site in human KLB of anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope container, including 5H23 as described in example 3, with the sequences shown in Tables 1- 10 and Figures 1-3, and human anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope container, such as humanized 5H23 antibodies ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL). For example, FACs-based binding assays were performed for domain mapping in Expi293 cells (Life Technologies, A14635) that were transiently transfected with plasmids encoding KLB variants: human, mouse, cynomolgus, a chimeric version in which the sequence of the KL1 domain of mouse KLB (M1-F506) replaces the KL1 domain of human KLB (M1-F508) to create mouse / human KLB (SEQ ID NO: 376), and a second chimera in which the sequence of Human KL1 (M1-F508) replaces the KL1 domain of mouse KLB (M1-F506) to create human / mouse KLB (SEQ ID NO: 374). Furthermore, the expression vector pYD7 harboring no KLB sequence was transfected as a negative control.
[1203] In some studies, the binding of a purified sample of a humanized 5H23 antibody (for example, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL) to KLB variants was determined by fAc S analysis. Two days after After transfection, f cells were incubated together with purified antibodies: humanized 5H23 antibody (for example, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL), a control antibody (for example, SEQ ID NO: 358 Vh and SEQ ID NO: 360 VL), and a negative control antibody ( for example, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antibody expressed from a construct comprising SEQ ID NO: 424 and 425) diluted to 1 pg / ml in PBS / 1% BSA / 0.1% azide for 30 minutes at 4 ° C. After washing with PBS / 1% BSA / 0.1% azide, the transfected cells were then co-incubated with labeled anti-human Fc (Jackson Immunoresearch) for 30 minutes at 4 ° C. After washing with PBS / 1% BSA / 0.1% azide, cells were acquired on a flow cytometer (FACS Calibur) and analyzed by cytometry software (FlowJo). To visualize the resulting data, graphs representing the number of cells as a function of fluorescence intensity were generated, and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was determined for each sample as shown in Table 30.
[1205] Table 30
[1210] An exemplary humanized 5H23 antibody ( eg, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL) bound human KLB and cynomolgus KLB, as indicated by a large proportion of cells having high fluorescence intensity in comparison to cells treated with negative control anti-KLH antibody, but exemplary humanized 5H23 antibody did not bind to mouse KLB. The exemplary humanized 5H23 antibody also bound to the mouse / human KLB chimeric protein, but not to the human / mouse KLB chimeric protein indicating that anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope container, including 5H23 as shown described in Example 3, with the sequences shown in Tables 1-10 and Figures 1-3, and human anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope container, such as humanized 5H23 antibodies (( e.g. , SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL) bind to the KL2 domain of human KLB. In contrast, the control antibody bound to the KL1 domain of human KLB as demonstrated by its binding to cells. transfected with human / mouse KLB chimeric protein, but not with mouse / human KLB chimeric protein.
[1212] To identify more specific binding residues within the human KL2 beta klotho domain, shotgun mutagenesis was used to separately mutate individual residues of the human beta klotho KL2 domain to an alanine ( eg, residues F508A-L1008A). The resulting beta klotho mutant proteins were expressed within HEK-293T cells and analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) for binding to anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope container, including 5H23 as described in Example 3, with the sequences shown in Tables 1-10 and Figures 1-3 and the human anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope container, such as a humanized 5H23 antibody ( for example, SEQ ID NO: 271 VH and SEQ ID NO: 276 VL), or a monovalent Fab fragment of the humanized 5H23 antibody. For example, screening for beta klotho mutant proteins was carried out at a concentration of 0.5 pg / ml for the humanized 5H23 antibody, 1.0 pg / ml for the Fab fragment, and 2.0 pg / ml for a positive control anti-beta klotho polyclonal antibody.
[1214] The resulting mapping identified three specific binding residues, H657, Y701, and R703, which were negative for binding by humanized 5H23 antibody, but were positive for control anti-beta klotho polyclonal antibodies. These residues represented amino acids whose lateral changes made the highest energy contributions to the antibody-epitope interaction as shown in Table 31. The locations of the three identified residues were modeled by showing them (dark spheres) at the equivalent positions in beta-glucosidase. human cytosolic (PDB ID No. 2JFE; Tribolo et al., J. Mol. Biol. 370, 964-975 (2007)), identified by BLAST alignment of the two proteins, as shown in Figure 6. The structure shows the equivalent of beta klotho residues 521-963. The lower reactivity of the Y701A and R703A mutations with the humanized 5H23 antibody indicates that Y701 and R703 are the major energy contributors to binding.
[1216] Table 31
[1221] Therefore, the anti-beta klotho antibodies described in this invention, including 5H23 and the 5H23 epitope container, recognize an epitope in the KLB2 domain that comprises residues H657, Y701 and / or R703. Such antibodies, as described in Example 3 and represented, and comprising CDR sequences in Tables 1-10 and Figures 1-3, are useful as agonist antibodies to induce FGF19-mediated and / or FGF19-mediated signaling. FGF21, including, for example, to reduce body weight, food intake, BMI, insulin, glucose and / or triglycerides.
[1223] Furthermore, the anti-beta klotho antibodies described in this invention share the common characteristic of competing with each other for the binding of beta klotho (see, for example, Example 3 which describes the antibodies in the container

权利要求:
Claims (19)
[1]
1. An antibody that binds within the beta klotho 2 domain (KLB2) comprising amino acid residues 657 to 703 of human beta klotho (SEQ ID NO: 297), wherein the antibody comprises:
(a) a heavy chain variable region comprising:
a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 12, or SEQ ID NO: 13;
a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 14; Y
a CDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 15;
Y
(b) a light chain variable region comprising:
a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 16;
a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 11; Y
a CDR3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 17.
[2]
2. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises:
(a) a heavy chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, a c Dr 2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2, and a CDR3 comprising Se Q ID NO: 3; Y
(b) a light chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4, a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5, and a Cd R3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6.
[3]
3. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises:
(a) a heavy chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 12, a c Dr 2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 2, and a Cd R3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 3; Y
(b) a light chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 4, a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 5, and a Cd R3 comprising SEQ ID NO: 6.
[4]
4. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the antibody comprises:
(a) a heavy chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 13, a c Dr 2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 14, and a CDR3 comprising s Eq ID NO: 15; Y
(b) a light chain variable region comprising a CDR1 comprising SEQ ID NO: 16, a CDR2 comprising SEQ ID NO: 11, and a c Dr 3 comprising Se Q ID NO: 17.
[5]
The antibody of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heavy chain variable region has at least 90% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 25 and the light chain variable region has at least one 90% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 26.
[6]
6. The antibody of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 25 and the light chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 26.
[7]
7. The antibody of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 271 and the light chain variable region comprises SEQ ID NO: 276.
[8]
8. The antibody of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the antibody binds to an epitope comprising at least one of amino acid residues 657, 701 and / or 703 of human beta klotho (SEQ ID n O: 297) .
[9]
The antibody of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal antibody, a humanized antibody, or a chimeric antibody.
[10]
The antibody of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the antibody is a Fab, Fab ', F (ab') 2, Fv, scFv, (scFv) 2, a single chain antibody molecule, an antibody of dual variable region, a linear antibody, or a multispecific antibody formed from antibody fragments.
[11]
11. An isolated polynucleotide encoding the antibody of any of claims 1 to 10.
[12]
12. A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 11.
[13]
13. A host cell comprising the polynucleotide of claim 11 or the vector of claim 12.
[14]
14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody of any of claims 1 to 10 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[15]
15. An antibody as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, for use in a method of enhancing glucose metabolism in a subject.
[16]
16. The antibody for the use of claim 15, wherein the method of enhancing glucose metabolism results in:
(a) reduced glucose levels;
(b) reduced levels of insulin;
(c) increased sensitivity to insulin;
(d) reduction of insulin resistance;
(e) improvement of glucose tolerance; I
(f) improvement of pancreatic function.
[17]
17. An antibody as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, for use in a method of treating type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
[18]
18. The antibody for the use of any of claims 15 to 17, wherein the method further comprises administering one or more therapeutic agents in combination with the antibody.
[19]
The antibody for the use of claim 18, wherein the one or more therapeutic agents are selected from the group consisting of biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogs, PPAR gamma agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors. -4 (DPP-4), bromocriptine, bile acid sequestrants, insulin, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, appetite suppressing agents, and weight loss drugs.

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RU2016130128A3|2018-09-04|

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UA119863C2|2019-08-27|

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EP3738981A1|2020-11-18|

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US20210030857A1|2021-02-04|

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PE20170256A1|2017-04-22|

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PT3097122T|2020-07-21|

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US20180100014A1|2018-04-12|

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RU2701434C2|2019-09-26|

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PH12016501644A1|2016-11-07|

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CN106662577A|2017-05-10|

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JP6837840B2|2021-03-10|

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JP2020169173A|2020-10-15|

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AU2015209131A1|2016-08-11|

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LT3097122T|2020-07-27|

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HUE050279T2|2020-11-30|

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EP3097122A2|2016-11-30|

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BR112016017248A8|2018-04-17|

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PL3097122T3|2020-10-19|

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EP3097122B1|2020-05-06|

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SI3097122T1|2020-07-31|

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WO2015112886A2|2015-07-30|

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EP3097122A4|2017-09-20|

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RS60593B1|2020-08-31|

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PH12016501644B1|2016-11-07|

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DK3097122T3|2020-08-10|

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ZA201605151B|2020-12-23|

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BR112016017248A2|2017-10-03|

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法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201461931531P| true| 2014-01-24|2014-01-24|

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PCT/US2015/012731|WO2015112886A2|2014-01-24|2015-01-23|Binding proteins and methods of use thereof|

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